卖家干扰下平台的评价激励机制设计研究
王勇 张玮艺 陈祎芳
摘 要：在线交易平台评价反馈机制的关键在于买家是否愿意做出真实的评价。买家的评价一方面受平台对评价激励机制设计的影响，另一方面也受卖家干扰行为的影响。卖家的干扰行为包括正向的，如好评诱惑；或是负向的，如差评骚扰。为此，平台对买家评价的激励设计需要把卖家的干扰行为考虑进来。本文研究在存在卖家干扰行为的环境下，平台如何设计对买家评价的激励机制。主要结论包括，平台对买家的固定激励水平需要根据卖家的干扰行为的性质（好评诱惑或差评骚扰）进行调整；而在可变激励水平方面，平台对买家的激励并不受卖家干扰行为的影响；第三，当平台中诚信交易占比较高时，允许卖家进行正向干扰（好评有礼）能够从总体上提高平台的收益。
关键词：声誉机制 评价反馈 卖家干扰 平台激励
Platform Incentive Mechanism for Buyer 's Feedback under Seller' s Manipulation
Yong Wang Weiyi Zhang Yifang Chen
Abstract: The key to the feedback mechanism of online trading platform is whether the buyer is willing to make informative feedbacks. Buyers' feedback is influenced by both the platform's design of feedback incentive mechanism and sellers' interference behavior. Seller's interference includes positive interference, such as favorable review temptation; Or negative interference, such as negative review harassment. Therefore, the design of platform’s incentive for buyers’ feedback needs to take into account the interference behavior of the sellers. This paper studies how to design the incentive mechanism for buyers' feedback under the sellers' interfering behaviors. The main conclusions include that the fixed incentive level of the platform to buyers needs to be adjusted according to the degree of sellers' interference behaviors (favorable review temptation or negative review harassment); In terms of variable incentive level, the incentive of the platform to buyers is not affected by sellers’ interference behaviors. Third, when the proportion of credit transactions on the platform is relatively high, allowing sellers to engage in positive interference (favorable review temptation) can increase the platform's revenue in general.
Key words: Reputation System Feedback Seller’s Manipulation Platform Incentive Mechanism.
JEL Classification: C61 C72 D47
跨越中等收入陷阱：基于产业互联网发展战略视角的评述
陈维宣 吴绪亮
摘 要：随着中国经济增长进入中等收入阶段，陷入中等收入陷阱的风险逐渐上升，新冠肺炎疫情的冲击等因素无疑加重这一风险。本文在现有文献的基础上，对中等收入陷阱的成因及后果、可能导致中国陷入中等收入陷阱的风险因素、产业互联网对跨越中等收入陷阱的作用机制，以及产业互联网的发展战略等方面进行评述。研究发现，产业互联网的发展将通过推动收入分配结构优化、新要素供给规模扩大与质量提升、供给侧结构性改革、国家治理能力提升、新型城镇化建设等途径，针对性地缓解中等收入陷阱的各类成因，有效促进经济潜在增长率与全要素生产率的提升，助推中国跨越中等收入陷阱。展望产业互联网与中等收入陷阱的未来研究方向，至少存在三个值得深入探索的领域：一是构建产业互联网与中等收入陷阱之间的理论框架，二是对产业互联网在助推跨越中等收入陷阱过程中的作用进行跨国比较，三是需要重视对数字福利与数字经济政策的效应评估。
关键词：中等收入陷阱 产业互联网 数字经济 全要素生产率
Overcoming the Middle-income Trap: A Review based on the Perspective of Industrial Internet Development Strategy
Weixuan Chen Xuliang Wu
Abstract: As China's economic growth has entered the middle-income stage, the risk of falling into the middle-income trap has gradually increased. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and other factors undoubtedly aggravate this risk. On the basis of the existing literature, this paper reviews the causes and consequences of the middle-income trap, the risk factors that may lead China to fall into the middle-income trap, the action mechanism of the industrial internet to overcome the middle-income trap, and the development strategy of the industrial internet. To review the existing literature, the development of the internet industry will promote the income distribution structure optimization, the new factor supply scale and quality improvement, supply side structural reform, governance and new urbanization construction, improve the capacity to reduce all kinds of causes in the middle-income trap, effectively promote the economy's potential growth rate and total factor productivity has increased, helping China across the middle-income trap. Outlook the future research direction of the internet industry and middle-income trap, there are at least three worth exploring areas: the first is to build industry between the Internet and the middle-income trap theoretical framework, the second is the Internet industry in boosting role in the process of crossing the middle-income trap international comparison, and the third it is to need to pay attention to the effect evaluation of digital welfare and economic policy.
Keywords: Middle-income Trap Industrial Internet The Digital Economy Total Factor Productivity
JEL Classification：O11 O33
共享住宿中的社交收益与经济利益
——基于顾客契合行为的研究视角
王博 贾婷
摘 要：在以P2P为主导模式的共享住宿平台中，社交互动质量的提升促使更多的普通顾客升级为契合型顾客。契合型顾客能够通过平台内的在线评论机制发表观点，通过口碑推荐和服务反馈加入到产品的价值增值环节当中，推动高质量社交互动转化为房东收益。本文以小猪短租中的682家房源为样本进行回归分析，结果显示，由口碑推荐行为和服务反馈行为共同构成的顾客契合行为会对房东收益产生倒U型影响，即在共享住宿平台中，随着顾客契合行为的不断增加，房东收益会呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势。因此，为进一步扩大顾客契合行为的价值贡献，房东应当对契合型顾客进行适度引导、平台应当优化信息发布渠道并扩大信息影响范围。
关键词：共享住宿 顾客契合 房东收益
Social Benefits and Economic Benefits in Sharing Accommodation
——Research Perspective Based on Customer Engagement Behavior
Bo Wang Ting Jia
Abstract: In the sharing accommodation platform dominated by P2P, the improvement of social interaction quality promotes more ordinary customers to engaging customers. Engaging customers can express their opinions through the online comment mechanism on the platform, and join the value-added chain of products through word-of-mouth recommendation and service feedback, so as to promote the transformation of high-quality social interaction into landlord income. The results show that the customer engagement behavior composed of word-of-mouth recommendation behavior and service feedback behavior will have an inverted U-shaped impact on the landlord's income, that is, in the sharing accommodation platform, with the continuous increase of customer engagement behavior, the landlord's income will increase first and then decrease. Therefore, in order to further expand the value contribution of customer engagement behavior, the landlord should give appropriate guidance to the engaging customer, and the platform should optimize the information release channel and expand the scope of information influence.
Key words: Sharing Accommodation Customer Engagement Landlord's Income
JEL Classification: M31 P25
自然资源依赖与地区金融发展
李 平 党修宇
摘 要：诸多研究发现对资源的过度依赖不仅影响了地区经济增长，而且抑制了区域间其他经济和社会活动，但国内相关研究忽略了自然资源依赖对地区金融发展的影响。本文旨在对二者关系进行回答，通过使用2003—2017年各省统计年鉴，构建省级层面自然资源依赖和金融发展的指标，系统地分析了二者的关系及其内在机理。结果显示，自然资源依赖度与金融发展呈显著的负相关关系，表明现阶段对自然资源的过度依赖将阻碍地区金融发展水平提高；异质性结果显示，产业结构高级化和增强环境规制力度能够规避资源依赖对金融发展的负向影响，同时，在软硬件设施发展良好的沿海地区，自然资源与金融发展的关系由负转正；机制检验结果显示，自然资源依赖度越高，当地政府腐败越严重，地区社会资本发展越滞后，进而阻碍了金融发展；进一步检验结果显示，自然资源依赖将通过阻碍金融发展，进而抑制区域创新。据此研究结论，本文认为，在自然资源的开采利用过程中，应重视其对金融发展的影响，通过加强法治环境建设，积极引导和发展社会资本，以规避自然资源依赖对金融发展的不利影响。
关键词：自然资源依赖 金融发展 腐败 社会资本
Natural Resource Dependence and Regional Financial Development
Ping Li XiuYu Dang
Abstract: Many studies have found that excessive dependence on resources not only affects regional economic growth, but also inhibits other economic and social activities in the region. However, domestic studies have ignored the impact of natural resource dependence on regional financial development. The purpose of this paper is to answer this question. With the help of the statistical yearbook of all provinces from 2003 to 2017, this paper constructs the indicators of natural resource dependence and financial development at the provincial level, and systematically analyzes the relationship between them and their internal mechanism.The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between the dependence on natural resources and financial development, which indicates that the excessive dependence on natural resources will hinder the improvement of regional financial development; The heterogeneous results show that the advanced industrial structure and enhanced environmental regulation can avoid the negative impact of resource dependence on financial development. Meanwhile, in the coastal areas with well-developed hardware and software facilities, the relationship between natural resources and financial development changes from negative to positive; The mechanism test results show that the higher the dependence on natural resources is, the more serious the local government corruption is, and the more backward the development of regional social capital is, thus hindering the financial development; Further tests show that natural resource dependence inhibits regional innovation by hindering financial development. Based on the research conclusion, this paper argues that in the process of exploitation and utilization of natural resources, attention should be paid to its impact on financial development, and social capital should be actively guided and developed by strengthening the construction of legal environment, so as to avoid the adverse impact of natural resource dependence on financial development.
Key words: Natural Resources Dependence Financial Development Corruption Social Capital
JEL Classification: G10 Q32
横向并购反垄断控制效果事后评估
——以硬盘行业并购案为例
王燕 刘龙花
摘要：企业间的并购是各国反垄断执法的重点干预领域之一，并购的反垄断控制对维护市场竞争秩序发挥了重要作用。随着我国反垄断执法的不断深入，为了更好的完善立法和执法，需要对过去的执法情况进行回溯性研究，科学评估反垄断执法的效果。本文选取我国反垄断执法机构附条件通过的两个案例，基于企业伯川德竞争的均衡价格分析，并运用双重差分法检验附条件通过并购对硬盘价格的影响，评估附条件通过并购是否符合标准、救济措施是否有效。研究发现：反垄断执法机构附条件通过两起并购是合理的；剥离资产的结构性救济措施以及维持并购企业独立竞争者状态的行为性救济措施有效的维护了相关市场的竞争，抑制了并购的反竞争效应；随着相关市场竞争状况的改变及时调整救济措施体现了我国反垄断执法机构执法的灵活性和合理性。根据本文的研究结论，执法机构应建立定期或不定期的反垄断执法事后评估制度，进一步提高并购审查的透明度，不断完善各类救济措施的制度供给，合理选择和使用各种救济措施。
关键词：事后评估 横向并购 反垄断控制 硬盘行业 救济措施
Ex-post Evaluation of the Horizontal Mergers Control
——A Case Study from the HDD Industry
Yan Wang Longhua Liu
Abstract: The regulation on mergers has become the main activity of the anti-monopoly enforcement authorities. The merger control policy plays an important role in the safeguard of the market competition order. With the advancement of the anti-monopoly enforcement, it is necessary to carry out the retrospective evaluation of the anti-monopoly enforcement to evaluate its effect in order to perfect the legislation and law enforcement. This paper took the Western Digital Irland/Viviti Technologies merger and Seagate/HDD Business of Samsung merger which were approved with conditions by the anti-monopoly authorities in China as object of study. In order to evaluate the effect of the anti-monopoly policy and remedies, we compare different equilibrium prices under Betrand competition and estimate the price effect caused by the control decision using Difference-in-Difference method. The results show that: based on the competitive assessment of the relevant market and the price effect of the merger with remedies, we find that the conditional approval for the mergers confirm to the standard. The structural remedy of the divestiture of assets and the behavioral remedy of maintaining the independent competition status safeguard the competition in the relevant market and restrain the anticompetitive effect of the mergers. With the change of the competition in relevant market, the anti-monopoly authority adjusts the remedy, which shows the flexibility and rationality of the merger control policy. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the ex-post evaluation mechanism of the merger control enforcement should be established; the transparency of the merger control process should be improved; the institutional supply of the various remedies should be perfected to ensure the proper use of the remedies.
Keywords: Ex-Post Evaluation Horizontal Merger Merger Control HDD Industry Remedy
JEL Classification: D21 L13 L44
我国城镇化进程与城乡收入差距关系的实证研究
陈雪 于明超
摘 要：本文基于泰尔指数的数理推导建立假设，建立计量模型并利用1997-2019年我国省际数据进行实证研究验证假设，探究了城镇化进程对城乡居民收入差距的影响。差分广义矩动态面板数据模型的估计结果表明，伴随我国城镇化水平的提高，城乡收入差距表现出先被拉大，在城镇化率为42.5%时到达拐点然后逐渐收敛的“倒U型”变化规律。进一步分样本回归发现，东中西部地区具有类似的特征，但东部地区更早达到拐点，因此，城乡差异小于中西部地区。建议进一步加快我国的新型城镇化水平，逐步消除二元经济结构实现一体化发展，同时合理调整产业结构使之趋于合理化并推动产业结构升级。
关键词：城镇化 城乡收入差距 泰尔指数
Empirical Research on the Relationship between Urbanization Process and Urban-Rural Income Gap in China
Xue Chen Mingchao Yu
Abstract : Based on the mathematical derivation of Theil index, this paper establishes a hypothesis, and conducts an empirical study to verify the hypothesis with the provincial data from 1997 to 2019 to explore the impact of urbanization on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The estimation of the difference GMM model shows that, with the improvement of China's urbanization level, the income gap shows an "inverted U-shaped" change, which is widened when the urbanization rate is lower than 42.5% and then gradually converges. Further regression shows that eastern, middle, and central regions have similar trend, but the eastern regions reach the inflection point earlier, so the urban-rural difference is smaller than that of the central and western regions. It is suggested to further accelerate the new urbanization level of Our country, gradually eliminate the dual economic structure to realize integrated development, and at the same time reasonably adjust the industrial structure to make it tend to rationalize and promote the upgrading of industrial structure.
Key Words : Urbanization Urban-rural Income Gap Theil Index
JEL Classiflcation : R11 O14
新区建设有助于城市高质量发展转型吗？
---来自90个国家级经开区（EDZs）的经验证据
段龙龙 王林梅
摘 要：城市新区设立和建设是中国积极扩大开放、主动实施城市产业结构升级、推动体制机制创新的重要窗口和载体。在辨析新时代城市高质量发展科学内涵和构建测度城市高质量发展水平指标体系的基础上，以90个国家级经济技术开发区为典型样本，借助面板可行最小二乘估计（FGLS）、面板拓展回归模型（ERM）和系统广义距估计方法（SYS-GMM）研究了国家级经开区建设对城市高质量发展转型的影响，结果表明：国家级经开区建设可通过集聚效应、政策效应和竞争效应对城市高质量发展产生作用，但除政策效应外，集聚效应和竞争效应均未能有助于促进城市高质量发展转型；国家级经开区设立后，开埠时长会在各个维度上增强城市发展质量，同时城市高质量发展的速度存在显著的“棘轮效应”现象；中部地区的国家级经开区在促进属地城市高质量发展效益层面最优，东部地区次之、西部地区最差，东部地区国家级经开区建设更有利于增强本地的“经济动能”、“创新活力”、“绿色发展”、“共享质量”，而西部地区则更偏好于强化本地的“协调发展能力”和推动“高水平开放”，经过稳健性检验后，结论依然成立，这为我国在六稳新形势下，进一步优化现行国家级开发区政策，推动国家级开发区实现更高更广层面的改革创新提供了相应理论和决策依据。
关键词：新区建设 国家级经开区 城市高质量发展
Does The Construction of New Districts Help Transform The City for Quality Development?
---Empirical Evidence from 90 National Economic Development Zones (EDZs)
Longlong Duan Linmei Wang
Abstract: The establishment and construction of new urban areas is an important window and vehicle for China to actively expand openness, proactively promote the upgrading of urban industrial structure, and promote the innovation of institutional mechanism. Based on the analysis of the scientific connotation of high-quality urban development in the new era and the construction of an index system for measuring the level of high-quality urban development, we investigate the impact of the construction of national-level economic and technological development zones on urban high-quality development by taking 90 national-level economic and technological development zones as a typical sample and using panel feasible least squares estimation (FGLS), panel extended regression model (ERM) and systematic generalized estimation method (SYS-GMM). The results show that: the construction of national-level economic and development zones can have an impact on the quality of urban development through agglomeration effects, policy effects and competition effects, but apart from policy effects, neither agglomeration effects nor competition effects can help promote the transformation of high-quality urban development; after the establishment of national-level economic and development zones, the length of opening hours will enhance the quality of urban development in various dimensions, while the speed of high-quality urban development is significantly reduced. The "ratchet effect" of the phenomenon; the central region of the national economic development zones in the promotion of territorial cities of high-quality development of the benefits of the level of optimal, followed by the eastern region, the western region is the worst, the construction of national economic development zones in the eastern region is more conducive to enhance the local "economic momentum", the "economic momentum". "innovation dynamism", "green development", "shared quality", while the western region prefers to strengthen local "coordinated development capacity". "and promoting "high level openness", the conclusion still holds after the robustness test, which provides the corresponding theoretical and decision-making basis for China to further optimize the existing national-level development zone policy and promote the reform and innovation of national-level development zones at a higher and broader level under the new situation of six stability.
Keywords: New Area Construction National-Level Economic Development Zones High-Quality Urban Development
JEL Classification: O18 P25 L52