数字广告市场自我优待行为的竞争效应
喻玲 刘珅 陈百豪
摘 要:对数字广告市场自我优待行为的竞争效应研究,应深入数字广告市场的交易模型进行观察,在自我优待行为场景化的基础上对竞争效果进行分析,不同的自我优待行为将会对数字广告交易模型中的单个或数个市场以及消费者福利产生不同影响。因此,本文从不同主体和不同场景出发,对数字广告市场自我优待行为的竞争效应进行分析,包括位于市场供给侧的发布商广告服务器、位于市场需求侧的购买工具以及位于数字广告交易模型中间的广告交易所。
关键词:数字广告 平台自我优待 竞争效应 场景化分析
Competitive Effects of Self-Preferencing in the Digital Advertising Market
Ling Yu Shen Liu Baihao Chen
Abstract: To study the competitive effect of self-preferencing in the digital advertising market, we should observe the transaction model of the digital advertising market deeply, and analyze the competitive effect on the basis of the scenarios in self-preferencing. Different self-preferencing will have different effects on single or multiple markets and consumer welfare in the digital advertising transaction model. Therefore, starting from different subjects and different scenarios, this paper analyzes the competitive effects of self-preferential treatment in the digital advertising market, including publishers’ advertising servers on the supply side of the market, purchasing tools on the demand side of the market, and advertising exchanges in the digital advertising transaction models.
Keyword: Digital Advertising Self-Preferencing Competitive Effect Scenario Analysis
JEL Classification:L40 M38
中国粮食流通体制改革与粮食流通效率——基兼议政府与市场的作用
王晓东 朱晴晴 王诗桪
摘 要:本文在回顾和总结中国粮食流通体制改革进程及市场化格局的基础上,测度了2008~2019年中国粮食流通市场化改革阶段的粮食流通效率,并进一步探究了政府和市场因素的影响。中国粮食流通体制改革的市场化进程虽然起步较晚、进程偏缓,但总体而言粮食流通的市场化格局渐进定型,但粮食流通效率整体水平不高,省域间呈现非均衡增长态势。面板门槛回归结果表明,当政府参与程度较低时,市场化水平对粮食流通效率有显著的正向影响,而当政府参与程度超过一定门槛值后,市场化水平对粮食流通效率呈现出显著的负向影响;政府参与程度本身则对提升粮食流通效率产生正向影响,而且,政府参与的门槛值远高于各省份的年度平均值。未来,粮食流通体制改革仍要坚持市场化导向,同时保持一定的政府参与程度,在明确政府职能边界的基础上更好发挥政府作用,特别是发挥政府在粮食流通过程中的“市场增进”作用,通过政府与市场合力持续提高粮食流通效率;同时也要贯彻区域间适度均衡发展的思路,优化粮食产销区域布局,为新发展格局提供强有力的支撑。
关键词:粮食流通体制改革 粮食流通效率 政府参与 市场化 门槛效应
Grain Circulation Reform and Grain Circulation Efficiency in China——An Additional Discussion on the Role of Government and Market
Xiaodong Wang Qingqing Zhu Shixun Wang
Abstract: On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the reform process and marketization pattern of China's grain circulation system, this paper measures the grain circulation efficiency in the stage of China's grain circulation marketization reform from 2008 to 2019, and further explores the impact of government and market factors. Although the marketization process of China's grain circulation system reform started late and progressed slowly, in general, the marketization pattern of grain circulation was gradually fixed. But the overall level of grain circulation efficiency was not high, and there was a non-equilibrium growth trend between provinces. The results of panel threshold regression show that when the government participation level is low, the marketization level has a significant positive impact on the grain circulation efficiency, and when the government participation exceeds a certain threshold, the marketization level shows a significant negative impact on the grain circulation efficiency. Government participation itself has a positive impact on improving the efficiency of grain circulation, and the threshold for government participation is much higher than the annual average for provinces. In the future, the reform of the grain circulation system should still adhere to the market-oriented orientation, while maintaining a certain degree of government participation, and better play the role of the government on the basis of clarifying the boundaries of government functions, especially give play to the role of the government in "market promotion" in the process of grain circulation, and continuously improve the efficiency of grain circulation through the joint efforts of the government and the market; At the same time, it is also necessary to implement the idea of moderate and balanced development between regions, optimize the regional layout of grain production and marketing, and provide strong support for the new development pattern.
Keywords: Grain Circulation System Reform Grain Circulation Efficiency Government Participation Marketization Threshold Effect
JEL Classification: Q18 P41
城镇化对中国居民消费不平等的影响
刘子兰 李晨 刘辉
摘 要:本文基于泰尔指数,分解和测度了我国居民2000年-2019年的消费不平等,在此基础上构建城镇化对居民消费不平等影响的理论模型,并通过2005年-2018年地级市面板数据对城镇化影响居民消费不平等的效应作了相关检验。理论模型与实证检验的结果表明:我国居民消费不平等主要源于城乡间的消费不平等,城镇化对居民消费不平等具有负向的影响效应,随着城镇化进程的加快,我国居民消费不平等将逐步得到改善;城镇化对居民消费不平等的影响效应不是线性的,当城镇化水平高于46.8%时,城镇化的消费均等化效应更为明显,并且城镇化对居民消费不平等的影响主要是通过缩小收入差距实现的。
关键词:城镇化 消费不平等 泰尔指数 门槛效应模型
Impact of urbanization on Chinese Residents' Consumption Inequality
Zilan Liu Chen Li Hui Liu
Abstract:Based on the Theil index, this paper decomposes and measures the consumption inequality of Chinese residents from 2000 to 2019, constructs a theoretical model of the impact of urbanization on Residents' consumption inequality, and tests the effect of urbanization on Residents' consumption inequality through the panel data of prefecture level cities from 2005 to 2018.From the theoretical model and empirical test results, the current our country residents' consumption inequality mainly from inequality between urban and rural consumption, Urbanization has a negative impact on the consumption inequality of residents, with the process of urban residents in our country consumption inequality will be gradually improved, the impact on the residents' consumption inequality effect of urbanization is not linear, When the level of urbanization is higher than 46.8%, the consumption equalization effect of urbanization is more obvious, and the impact of urbanization on the consumption inequality of residents is mainly achieved by reducing the income gap.
Key words: Urbanization Consumption inequality Theil index Threshold effect model
JEL Classification: R11 J12 E21
强制许可对专利药价格谈判的威慑作用研究
刘婵 徐洪海 郭树龙
摘 要:专利药价格谈判是有效降低药价的重要手段,而如何选择和利用强制许可等筹码是提高谈判成功率的关键。基于中国的实际情况,本文构建了专利药价格谈判的理论模型,分析了药品专利强制许可是否以及在何种条件下会对专利药价格谈判产生威慑作用。研究发现:在“医药分离”体制下,以强制许可作为专利药价格谈判的筹码,能够形成有效威慑并降低谈判价格。而在“以药养医”体制下,倘若“以药养医”的程度较高,当仿制药与专利药的质量差距较大,且两种药品的返利比率差额较小时,以强制许可作为谈判筹码无法形成有效威慑。本文的贡献在于识别在中国医疗体制下强制许可对专利药价格谈判产生威慑作用的条件,丰富了专利药价格谈判理论,为完善中国专利药价格谈判制度提供了支撑。
关键词:专利药 价格谈判 强制许可
The Deterrent Effect of Compulsory Licensing on Branded Drug Price Negotiation
Chan Liu Honghai Xu Shulong Guo
Abstract: In order to obtain more affordable drugs, public agency negotiates for price drop with innovator pharmaceutical companies. The success rate of negotiation depends on how to choose and use the bargaining threat. The threat of issuing a compulsory license can help public agency increase the bargaining power vis-a-vis pharmaceutical companies. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for China's drugs pricing negotiations and explore whether and under what conditions will the threat of issuing a compulsory license can help China's public agency obtain significant price reduction in negotiations. It shows that such threat can be successful in bringing down the drug price if the medical and pharmaceutical services are separated, but it cannot help reduce the drug price when physicians care more about the kickback rather than patients' preference, the product differentiation between branded and generic drugs is large and the kickback gap between prescribing branded and generic drugs is small in the "drug maintaining medicine" system. The contribution of this paper lies in identifying the conditions under which China can use compulsory licensing threats in price negotiations, enriching the theory of drug price negotiation and developing a theoretical framework to support China's drug price negotiation system.
Keywords: branded drug price negotiation compulsory licensing
JEL Classification: D42 D43 L12 L13
创新理论视角下细分市场价值研究综述
郁培丽 潘培尧
摘 要:质量强国战略背景下深化细分市场价值理论具有重要意义。在回顾新古典经济学基于供给-需求对立关系的细分市场价值研究基础上,本文首先总结创新理论视角下供给-需求互动关系及其偏好内生演进特点,梳理面向需求的细分市场创新战略以及创新价值理论新突破。针对颠覆性创新有关研究聚焦边缘市场或新市场创新价值的理论特点,综述颠覆性创新细分市场价值研究动态,进一步阐明需求偏好内生于细分市场的价值创造理论论点。随着数字技术日益渗透与发展,创新生态系统概念对于细分市场价值的理论解释力不断增强,总结创新生态系统视角下细分市场价值研究前沿,并分析数字客户导向的消费偏好影响创新生态系统需求群集-供给群集共生互动的市场价值演化机制,给出基于创新生态系统理论的细分市场价值分析框架。本文总结消费偏好内生性不断增强的创新理论视角下细分市场价值研究发展趋势,对数字经济时代细分市场价值理论发展与实践创新具有指导意义。
关键词:细分市场价值 颠覆性创新 创新生态系统 创新理论视角 研究综述
Market Segmentation Value under Innovation Theory: A Literature Survey
Peili Yu Peiyao Pan
Abstract:It is of great significance to deepen the market segmentation value theory under the background of the great power of quality. Firstly, on the basis of reviewing the research on market segment value based on the antagonistic relationship between supply and demand in neoclassical economics, this paper summarizes the endogenous evolution characteristics of supply-demand interaction and its preference from the perspective of innovation theory, then combs the demand-oriented market segment innovation strategy and new breakthroughs in innovation value theory. According to the theoretical characteristics of disruptive innovation research focusing on the innovation value of marginal market or new market, this paper summarizes the research trends of disruptive innovation market segment value, and further clarifies the theoretical argument of value creation that demand preference is endogenous to market segment. With the increasing penetration and development of digital technology, the theoretical explanatory power of the concept of innovative ecosystem to the value of market segments has been continuously enhanced. This paper summarizes the research frontier of market segment value from the perspective of innovation ecosystem, analyzes the market value evolution mechanism that digital customer-oriented consumption preference affects the symbiotic interaction between demand cluster and supply cluster in innovation ecosystem, and develops an analysis framework of market segment value based on innovation ecosystem theory. Finally, this paper summarizes the development trend of market segment value research from the perspective of innovation theory with increasing endogenous consumption preference, which has guiding significance for the theoretical development and practical innovation of market segment value in the digital era.
Keywords:Segmented Market Value Disruptive Innovation Innovation Ecosystem Innovation Theory Perspective Review
JEL Classification:L11 O31 M21
区域价值链嵌入与制造业企业出口技术复杂度——基于RCEP的研究
于李娜 孙雅秀
摘要:在数理模型和作用机制两方面理论分析的基础上,基于2005-2015年OECD-TiVA数据库和UN Comtrade数据库,以《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)为背景研究区域价值链嵌入对制造业企业出口技术复杂度的影响。研究结果表明:RCEP区域价值链嵌入显著促进了中国制造业出口技术复杂度的提升,尤其会带来知识密集型制造业出口技术复杂度的提高;制造业行业嵌入RCEP区域价值链上游对出口技术复杂度的提升作用明显,下游嵌入不显著;RCEP区域价值链嵌入通过贸易规模、人力资本和外商直接投资三个方面对出口技术复杂度起着间接正向影响作用。因此,要积极参与RCEP进程,促进区域经济一体化水平提高,尤其是嵌入区域价值链上游环节,以此推动企业出口技术复杂度提升。
关键词:RCEP;区域价值链嵌入;出口技术复杂度
The Impact of Regional Value Chain Participation and Manufacturing Firms' Export Technological Sophistication: Based on RCEP
Lina Yu Yaxiu Sun
Abstract: Based on the theoretical analysis of mathematical model and mechanism of action, by OECD-TiVA database and UN Comtrade database from 2005 to 2015, this paper studies the impact of regional value chain participation on enterprises' export technological sophistication with RCEP. The research results show that the RCEP regional value chain participation significantly promoted the technological sophistication of Chinese manufacturing exports, especially knowledge-intensive manufacturing exports will bring the improvement of technological sophistication. And the upstream participation of RCEP regional value chain has a significant effect on the increaseof export technological sophistication, but the downstream participation is not significant. The results also show that RCEP regional value chain participation has an indirect positive impact on export technological sophistication through trade scale, human capital and foreign direct investment. Therefore, it is necessary to actively participate in the RCEP process and promote the level of regional economic integration, especially in the upstreamness of the regional value chain, so as to enhance the sophistication of enterprises' export technology.
Keywords: RCEP; Regional value chain; Export technological sophistication
JEL Classification: L60 F15
高铁开通能否降低企业库存:来自中国制造业企业的证据
何小钢 黄莹珊
摘 要:长期以来,库存成为制约中国企业绩效提升的重要因素。本文利用中国高铁开通的“准自然实验”,采用双重差分模型考察了高铁开通对企业库存的影响,并验证了具体机制。研究发现,企业所在城市开通高铁后,企业库存水平明显下降;高铁开通使企业平均库存持有量下降了约6.0%。高铁开通带来的信息效应、创新效应和集聚效应有效地降低了企业库存,这表明高铁开通强化并提高了地区之间与企业之间的资源配置效率。进一步的异质性检验结果表明,在非国有企业、小型企业和非出口企业以及供应链下游企业和轻工业企业中,高铁开通对企业库存的影响更为明显。本文研究结论为当前中国制造业企业更好地利用高铁基础设施降本增效、提升企业竞争力,促进企业转型升级提供了政策启示。
关键词:高速铁路 企业库存 信息效应 集聚效应
Dose High-speed Rail Service Reduce Enterprise Inventory?
Evidence from Chinese Manufactural Firms
Xiaogang He Yingshan Huang
Abstract: Inventories have long been an important constraint on the performance improvement of Chinese firms. In this paper, we examine the impact of HSR opening on firms' inventories using a quasi-natural experiment of HSR opening in China, and verify the specific mechanism. The results show that the inventory level of firms decreases significantly after the opening of HSR in their cities; the average inventory holding of firms decreases by about 6.0% after the opening of HSR. The information effect, innovation effect and agglomeration effect brought by the opening of high-speed rail effectively reduce the inventory of enterprises, indicating that the opening of high-speed rail strengthens and improves the efficiency of resource allocation between regions and enterprises. Further more, heterogeneity tests show that the effect of HSR opening on firm inventories is more pronounced in non-state owned firms, smaller firms, non-export firms, downstream firms in the supply chain, and firms in light industries. The findings of this paper provide policy insights for current Chinese manufacturing firms to better utilize high-speed rail infrastructure to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and promote corporate transformation and upgrading.
Keywords: High-Speed Rail; Enterprise Inventory; Information Effect; Agglomeration Effect.
JEL Classification: D22 L20 R00