高电价成因、下调空间测算与中国电力行业改革
于左 史俊荣
摘 要：本文研究了中国的电价过高问题，分析了电价过高的主要成因，并提出了改革的政策建议。通过对比发现，中国的上网电价、输配电价和销售电价都绝对高于美国。进一步分析发现，发电和输配电企业人员过多、待遇过高，以及在此基础上的高利润是导致中国电价过高的主要原因。在电价中附加了较多不合理的政府性基金和过高的电煤价格也抬高了电价。本文在考虑了中国电力装机大量闲置的基础上，参照美国电价、电力企业效率和煤炭价格，测算了中国电价可下调的幅度，提出了大幅下调电价及加快规制体制改革，取消附加在电价中不合理的政府性基金，加快国有发电和输配电企业改革、分流企业冗员、降低成本，对煤炭市场区域性垄断高价、行政性去产能或重组等政策进行公平竞争审查、经营者集中审查和反垄断调查等建议。
关键词：电价过高 电企冗员 政府性基金 煤炭市场集中 电价降幅测算 改革政策
High Price of Electricity, Calculation of Decreasing Amplitude and Chinese Reform Policy of Power Industry
Zuo Yu Junrong Shi
Abstract：This paper studies the problem of high electricity prices in China, analyzes the main causes of excessive electricity prices, and puts forward policy recommendations for reforms. Through comparison, it is found that whether it is on-grid price, transmission and distribution price or sales price, China is absolutely higher than the United States. Further analysis found that the redundancy, high salary of personnel and the high profit in power generation, transmission and distribution companies are the main reasons for the high electricity prices in China. Unreasonable more governmental funds which are added to electricity prices and excessively high coal prices have also raised the price of electricity. Based on the United States’ electricity price, the efficiency of power companies, and coal prices, this paper estimates the extent to which China's electricity prices can be adjusted downwards, and proposes to substantially lower electricity prices and accelerate the reform of the regulatory system, canceling unreasonable government funds attached to electricity prices, and speeding up reform of State-owned power generation and transmission and distribution enterprises, diverted redundant employees, reduced costs, and conducted fair competition reviews, centralized management review, and anti-monopoly investigations on the coal market, including regional monopolies and high prices, administrative de-capacity, or restructuring.
Keywords：High Price of Electricity Overstaffed of Electricity Companies Government Funds Concentrated in The Coal Market Calculation of Electricity Price Reductions Reform Policy Design
中国产业结构的时空演变与效率评价
——基于城市数据的分析
陈浩 刘培
摘 要：文章利用1995-2016年中国产业结构数据，从时空演化角度详细分析中国288个城市的产业结构演化进程、特点、以及相应时期的产业结构效率问题，研究结果显示：（1）总体上2001年为中国产业结构历史演变的转折点。（2）在结构演变上，前期区域产业结构调整幅度较大且以中西部为主，后期结构调整幅度下降，且调整幅度由高到低依次是西部、中部、东部、东北地区，在空间上东部地区优先调整且逐渐延伸到内陆地区。（3）在结构效率上，中国城市产业结构效率在时期演变中提升明显，变化速率先快后慢；每个“五年计划”期间产业结构效率指数与变异系数波动形式呈“倒U”型，产业结构效率调整呈现先升后降的推进规律；后期产业结构效率指数排名基本维持在中部最高、东部与西部次之，东北地区最低。文章最后基于产业结构空间演变规律，提出优化产业结构与提升效率的对策建议。
关键词： 产业结构 时空演变 效率评价
Spatial-temporal Evolution and Efficiency Evaluation of China's Industrial Structure
——An Analysis Based on Urban Data
Hao Chen Pei Liu
Abstract: Based on the data of Chinese industrial structure from 1995 to 2016, the paper analyzes the process, characteristics and efficiency of 288 Chinese cities’ industry structure from the perspective of spatial-period evolution. the results showed: (1)On the whole, the historical turning point of the industrial structure change was in 2001. In terms of evolution characteristics, the adjustment range of regional industrial structure was relatively large and mainly focused on the central and western regions , while the adjustment range of industrial structural was declining latterly, and the adjustment range from high to low was in the western, central, eastern and northeastern region. In terms of spatial, the eastern regions was given priority to adjustment firstly and gradually extended to inland regions. (3) In terms of structural efficiency, the efficiency of China's urban industrial structure has been significantly improved during the period of evolution. And the speed of change was firstly rapid and then slow. The fluctuation form of industrial structure efficiency index and variation coefficient was in a form of "inverted U" during each "five-year plan", and the index rise firstly and then fall. The rank of industrial structure efficiency index remained the highest in central China, followed by eastern and western China, and the lowest in northeast of China. the paper puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions for optimizing industrial structure and efficiency.
Keywords: The Structure of Industry The Adjustment in Spatial and Period The Evaluation of Efficiency
基于实体店公平关切的制造商平台销售模式选择策略研究
浦徐进 刘燃
摘 要：分别考察转销和代销这两类线上销售模式的特征，在批发价外生和批发价内生情形下考察实体店的公平关切对制造商选择线上销售模式的影响。通过数理推导和数值仿真得到的研究结果表明：（1）在批发价外生情形下，当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度较低时，制造商在线上始终选择转销模式；而当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度较高时，制造商在线上始终选择代销模式。而当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度适中时，若实体店的公平关切程度较高，制造商在线上选择代销模式；若实体店的公平关切程度较低，制造商在线上选择转销模式。（2）在批发价内生情形下，当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度较高时，制造商在线上始终选择转销模式；当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度较低时，制造商在线上始终选择代销模式。而当消费者对线上出售产品的接受程度适中时，若实体店的公平关切程度较高，制造商在线上选择代销模式；若实体店的公平关切程度较低，制造商在线上选择转销模式。（3）在不同的线上销售模式下，线下销售价始终高于线上。随着实体店公平关切程度的增强，线上和线下的销售价均会提高。
关键词：公平关切 电商平台 转销 代销
The Strategy of Manufacturer’s Online Channel Considering Physical Store’s Fairness Concern
Xujin Pu Ran Liu
Abstract: This paper focuses on the characteristics of online sales modes of reselling and agency selling, and examines the influence of the fairness concern of physical stores on manufacturers' choice of online sales models in the short and long term. The results show that: (1) In the situation that wholesale price as exogenous variable, when consumers' acceptance of online products is high, manufacturers always choose reselling; When consumers are less receptive to online products, manufacturers always choose the agency selling mode. When the consumer's acceptance of the online product is moderate, if the physical store has a higher level of fairness concern, the manufacturer chooses agency selling; if the physical store has a lower level of fairness concern, the manufacturer chooses reselling. (2) In the situation that wholesale price as endgenous variable, when consumers have a higher acceptance of online products, manufacturers always choose reselling; When consumers are less receptive to online products, manufacturers always choose agency selling. When the consumer's acceptance of online products is moderate, if the physical store has a higher level of fairness concern, the manufacturer chooses the agency selling; if the physical store has a lower level of fairness concern, Manufacturers choose reselling. (3) In different online sales modes, The offline selling price is always higher than the online price. With the increase of physical store fairness concerns, both online and offline sales prices will rise.
Keywords: Fairness Concern E-Commerce Platform Reselling Agency Selling
从“分割”走向“融入”：公共服务视角下劳动报酬不平等效应分析
王静 杜曙光 宋建
摘 要：我国城乡收入差距和地区收入差距是导致人口流动的主要驱动力，而劳动力市场的多重分割、社会保障制度多重分割交织，尤其是城镇内部户籍居民与流动人口的新二元分割下公共服务非均等化问题凸显。本文基于2013年流动人口动态监测数据采用RIF回归及其分解方法进行理论分析与实证检验，研究发现：农业户籍的“进城农民工”劳动报酬远低于城镇户籍的“城里人”，且“进城农民工”在培训、现住房性质、五险一金、子女学校和建立居民健康档案等公共服务方面受到歧视；指标分解结果证实了两群体工资差异主要由公共服务不均衡造成的，高低收入群体工资差距的拉大是造成劳动报酬差距拉大的主要原因。进一步分析发现这主要由社会保障不平等、就业能力存在障碍、居住成本扭曲等因素共同作用的结果。这一发现有助于理解城镇内部户籍居民与流动人口的新二元分割成因，为“城乡分割”走向“社会融合”提供理论和实证参考。
关键词：户籍制度 流动人口 劳动报酬不平等 公共服务
From "Segmentation" to "Integration": Analysis of the Unequal Effect of Labor Remuneration from the Perspective of Public Service
Jing Wang Shuguang Du Jian Song
Abstract：China's urban-rural income gap and regional income gap are the main driving forces for population movement, and the multiple division of the labor market and the multiple division of the social security system. In particular, the problem of non-equalization of public services under the new dual division of household registration and floating population in urban areas is serious.This paper uses RIF regression to analyze the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2013. The results show that the labor income of “farmers in rural areas” of agricultural household registration is far lower than that of “urban people” in urban household registration. At the same time, “farmers in the city” were discriminated against in terms of training, the nature of the current housing, five insurances and one gold, children’s schools and the establishment of public health records. The results of the inequality index decomposition confirm that the difference in labor compensation between the two groups is mainly caused by the discrimination caused by the imbalance of public services. The widening of the wage gap between high and low income groups is the main reason for the widening of the labor compensation gap. Further analysis shows that this is mainly caused by the combination of social security inequality, obstacles to employment capacity, and distortion of living costs. This finding helps to understand the new dual division of the household registration and floating population within the town, and provides a theoretical and empirical reference for the “urban-rural division” towards “social integration”.
Keywords: Household Registration System Floating Population Unequal Labor Compensation Public Service
生产性服务业TFP增长与制造业价值链升级
陈海波 曾松 陈赤平
摘 要：文章利用2004-2016中国省际面板数据，对生产性服务业TFP增长影响制造业价值链升级的效应和机理进行了实证分析，结果发现：生产性服务业TFP增长能促进制造业价值链的过程升级和产品升级，而生产性服务业技术进步的促进作用更显著，东西部地区的促进作用较明显。进一步研究发现，知识溢出、交易成本、生产成本对生产性服务业TFP增长影响制造业价值链升级有正面的调节作用。因此，我国需不断推动生产性服务业TFP增长，促进我国制造业转型升级。
关键词： 生产性服务业 TFP增长 制造业 价值链升级
TFP growth of producer services and upgrading of manufacturing value chain
Hai Bo Chen Song Zeng Chiping Chen
Abstract: Using the interprovincial panel data of 2004-2016 China, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the effect and mechanism of TFP growth in the production service industry to upgrade the value chain of manufacturing industry. The results show that the growth of TFP in the producer service industry can promote the process upgrading and product upgrading of the manufacturing value chain and promote the technological progress of the productive service industry. More obviously, the eastern and western regions play a more significant role. Further studies have found that knowledge spillovers, transaction costs and production costs have a positive regulating effect on the TFP growth of the producer service industry and the upgrading of the value chain of manufacturing industry. Therefore, China needs to continuously promote the TFP growth of producer services and promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.
Keywords: Producer Services TFP Growth Manufacturing Industry Value Chain Upgrading
企业出口行为与技术升级：一个文献综述
岳文
摘 要：当前从企业异质性视角来研究企业的出口行为对其技术升级的影响已经成为国际经济学所关注的一个重点话题。本文在已有研究的基础上首先界定了企业技术升级的内涵，分析了影响企业技术升级的一般因素；接着基于异质性企业贸易模型框架，对有关企业的出口行为如何影响其技术升级的文献进行了较为全面的梳理。通过发掘现有研究的不足和未来的研究方向，本文为今后相关研究者更好的分析企业的出口行为对其技术升级的影响提供了有益的借鉴与参考。
关键词：异质性企业 出口中学习 技术升级 技术创新
Export Behavior of Enterprises and Technology Upgrade : A Literature Review
Wen Yue
Abstract: Currently, it has become a key topic in international economics to study the impact of export behavior of enterprises on technological upgrading from the view of heterogeneous firms. On the basis of existing studies, this paper defines the connotation of firms’ technological upgrading and analyzes the general factors affecting the technological upgrading of enterprises; then based on the framework of heterogeneous firm trade theory, the paper reviews the literature comprehensively about how export behavior of enterprises affects technological upgrading. By exploring future research directions, this paper provides a useful reference for researchers to study the effect of export behavior of enterprises on technological upgrading in the future.
Keywords: Heterogeneous Firms Learning by Exporting Technological Upgrading Technological Innovation
文化包容性对企业技术创新水平与居民创业精神的影响
刘 洋 周 密 刘曙光
摘 要：企业技术创新水平与居民的创业激情是经济活力最重要的微观体现，是其活动主体内外部因素相互作用的结果，文化包容为重要的外部因素之一。本文对文化上的包容如何影响微观个体创新、创业等熊彼特式“例外之事”进行了拓展探讨，采用2010-2015年的数据研究了两者的关系，得出以下结论：城市文化包容会通过影响企业创新系统的效率，进而影响企业创新产出；城市文化包容对本地居民的创业行为具有显著的正向作用。本文的研究一定程度上丰富了Florida文化包容理论在中国情景下的文献，对新旧动能转化背景下如何提高城市经济活力与竞争力具有一定的政策启示意义。
关键词：文化包容 企业创新 居民创业 经济活力 城市
How Cultural Tolerance Impacts on Enterprises’ Innovation and Residents’ Entrepreneurial Behavior
Yang Liu Mi Zhou Shuguang Liu
Abstract: The innovation activities of enterprises and residents’ entrepreneurship are the result of the interaction between internal and external factors, culture is one of important external factors. This paper studies the how culture tolerance impacts company’s technology innovation and citizens’ entrepreneur, the empirical study by based on the listed companies’ data and CGSS data from 2010 to 2015 draws the following conclusions: Urban cultural tolerance does not affect the innovation input of enterprises, but it will affect the innovation output of enterprises by influencing the efficiency of the innovation system; Urban tolerance has a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial behaviors of local residents.
Keywords: Cultural Tolerance Enterprise Innovation Entrepreneurship Economic Vitality City