基于交叉熵更新技术的产业结构演化分析
胡汉辉 万兴 范金
摘要:本文基于投入产出表的交叉熵更新方法,度量并分析了1987-2002年期间中国产业结构的变化,得到以下结论。第一,在此期间中国第三产业的中间投入和中间使用结构发生显著变化;第二,资本品生产部门的中间使用结构变化较大,而能源产业和资源矿产业的中间使用结构变化较小;第三,大部分消费品制造业的中间投入结构相当稳定,大部分资本品制造业的中间投入结构也变化不大。
关键词:投入产出表更新;交叉熵;产业结构
Cross Entropy-based Analysis on Evolution of Industrial Structure
Hu Hanhui Wan Xing Fan Jin
Abstract: The paper measures and analyzes change of China’s industrial structure from 1987 to 2002 based on an Input-output table cross entropy updating method. We draw the following conclusions. First, the structure of intermediate input and intermediate use of the third industry changed substantially in the period; second, the structure of intermediate use of high-tech industries changed a lot,while that of energy and mineral industries had a few changes; third, the structure of intermediate input of consumable goods industries maintained stable, and that of capital goods manufacturing industries witnessed few changes.
Key words: input&updating of IO tables; cross entropy; industrial structure
JEL Classification: L11 L16
序列市场结构与纵向并购的经济效应
唐要家 唐春晖
摘要:企业之间的纵向并购很大程度上是基于效率原因,但是在特定的情况下也可能会产生限制竞争的市场封锁效应。企业之间纵向并购的市场封锁效应很大程度上受到序列市场结构的影响。本文分析四种序列市场结构下纵向并购的经济效应,结论显示:在序列寡头市场结构下,纵向并购可能会带来下游零售市场的价格上升,应该受到反垄断机关的重点关注;在其它序列市场结构下,纵向并购本身不会伤害市场竞争,反垄断机关应该重点关注企业滥用行为。据此,提出了基于序列市场结构的纵向并购的四步反垄断执法检验规则,并认为应该采取以行为救济为主的反垄断救济措施。
关键词:纵向并购 市场结构 市场封锁 反垄断
Sequential Market Structure and Economic Effects of Vertical Merger
Tang Yaojia Tang Chunhui
Abstract:Sequential market structure has important influence on foreclosure effects of vertical merger. This paper analyze foreclosure effects of vertical merger under four different sequential market structure and. The result shows under sequential oligopoly market structure vertical merger will improve retail price and should be prohibit, under other Sequential market structure, vertical merger will not impede competition, the antimonopoly agency should focus on behaviors. Based on these, this paper gives some policy on enforcement.
Key words: vertical merger; Sequential market structure; foreclosure; antimonopoly
JEL Classification:L290,L130
上市公司自愿性信息披露质量实证研究
刘国亮 常艳丽
内容提要 本文在对已有研究文献总结基础上,借鉴Botosan(1997)和Chau-Gray(2002)的研究,衡量了中国上市公司自愿性信息披露的质量,并分析了影响上市公司自愿性信息披露质量的因素。结果表明,上市公司自愿性信息披露质量不高,披露质量差距较大。公司行业特性、地区差异、盈利水平、是否发行H股、公司规模、财务杠杆以及是否为四大审计机构等变量都对上市公司的自愿性信息披露质量有显著影响,其中公司规模与自愿性信息披露质量的显著性最强,盈利水平、独立董事比例、股权集中度与自愿性信息披露质量之间的关系不明显。
关键词 上市公司 自愿性信息披露
An Empirical Study on the Voluntary Disclosure of Listed Company
Liu Guoliang Chang Yanli
Abstract:This study seeks to extend the previous literatures of voluntary disclosure by measuring the level of voluntary disclosure provided by Chinese listed company and investigating the influencing factors. The results show that 1) the whole voluntary disclosure level of Chinese listed companies is not high, and the disclosure extent between different companies is very large. 2) Industry category, region, profitability, listing status, company size, leverage, and the type of audit committee are significantly related to the extent of voluntary disclosure, and company size is the most important factor explaining voluntary disclosures. In contrast, the profitability, the proportion of independent directors on the board and the ownership structure do not have a significant influence on the level of voluntary disclosure.
Key Words: Listed Company; Voluntary Disclosure
JEL Classification: G14,G32,K22
典型产业网络的组织结构分析
唐晓华 张丹宁
【摘要】:产业网络是一种新型的组织协调方式,是产业组织的创新。随着经济的不断发展,产业网络显现了不同的形态特征和发展趋势。本文在网络理论分析的基础上,从主体、行为、资源三个网络要素出发,构建了产业网络的组织结构分析框架。在此基础上,本文在诸多产业网络的形态中选取了四种较为典型的产业网络进行组织结构分析,分别是虚拟企业、战略联盟、企业集团和产业集群。最后,本文对四种产业网络的组织结构进行了比较。
【关键词】:产业网络;虚拟企业;战略联盟;企业集团;产业集群
Study on the Organization Framework of Typical Industrial Network
Tang Xiaohua Zhang Danning
Abstract:Industrial network is an innovation of industrial organization. With the development of informationization, knowledgezation and globalization, industrial network has many different kinds and characterisitcs. Based on the network theories, the analysis framework was built in terms of main body, activity and resource. On the basis, the analysis framework was used to analyze four typical networks, including virtual enterprise, strategic alliance, enterprises group and industrial cluster. Finally, the comparison of the four networksw was studied.
Key words: industrial network; virtual enterprise; strategic alliance; enterprises group; indusrial cluster
JEL Classification: L16 L19
我国国有部门与非国有部门工资决定机制差异的实证研究
薛欣欣
摘 要:本文利用微观调查数据对我国国有部门与非国有部门工资决定机制的差异进行了实证研究。研究发现,在市场化改革过程中,不论是机关事业单位还是国有企业,其人力资本的收益率不断提高,这表明人力资本的报酬机制在国有部门的工资决定中得到了强化。但是与非国有部门工资决定模式相比较,国有部门的工资决定依然带有较强的制度化特征。进一步对工资差异进行的布兰德-瓦哈卡(Blinder-Oaxaca)分解表明,国有部门与非国有部门之间长期存在一定程度的工资溢价。溢价的存在意味着工资对劳动生产率(或者说人力资本水平)的偏离,同时也意味着同质劳动在两个部门得到不同的报酬,即“同工不同酬”。这种现象的存在必然会降低劳动力市场的效率,同时也会带来资源的浪费。
关键词:国有部门,非国有部门,工资决定机制,工资溢价
An Empirical Study on Differentials of Wage Determination Mechanism between State-sector and Non State-sector in China
Xue Xinxin
Abstract: This paper studies the differentials of wage determination mechanism between state-sector and non state-sector in China using household survey data. The study shows that during the course of market reform, the human capital return both of state-organs and of enterprises improve increasingly. This means the role of human capital in state-sector’s wage determination is strengthened. While comparing to non state-sector, there are still some institutional attributes in the mechanism. Moreover, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicates there are wage premium between state-sector and non state-sector for a long time. The existence of wage premium means the wage deviates from the labor productivity (or the level of human capital), and it also means “same labor but different earnings”. This phenomenon will damage the labor market’s efficiency, and cause the resources waste.
Key Words:state-sector, non state-sector, wage determination mechanism, wage premium
JEL Classification: C13,J31,J49
产业组织动态分析理论:一个综述
邹卫星 房 林
内容摘要 产业组织理论一般基于静态分析,在研究动态问题时静态方法常常显得不足。本文首先比较静态分析和动态分析的差异,回顾动态分析理论研究的历史探索,并简要介绍当前作为动态分析基础的基本模型,在此基础上重点分析核心模型及其算法原理,以及以基本模型和核心模型为基础的理论扩展。
关键词 产业组织;动态分析;核心模型
Applied Dynamic Analysis in I.O.—A Survey
Zhou Weixing Fang Lin
Abstract:Most of applied work on Industry Organization is based on the static model, but static analysis has its weakness compared with dynamic analysis. This paper performs the comparison between two methods and explains the importance of dynamic study. This paper also reviews the development history of dynamic analysis. Then a model is introduced which is the foundation of the current dynamic analysis theory. And some basic principles and computational algorithms are demonstrated here for the center model, together with some extensions of the center model. Finally it is a narration to the dynamic analysis theory.
Key Words:Industry Organization; Dynamic Analysis; Center Model
JEL Classification: L11 C61 C68
“新经济”条件下的接入问题和网络效应:美国在线—时代华纳合并案(2000)
Gerald R. Faulhaber
引言
2000年1月10日,美国在线(AOL)首席执行官史蒂夫.凯斯(Steve Case)和时代华纳首席执行官杰拉.莱文(Gerald Levin)发表了美国在线收购时代华纳的联合声明。这次合并在很多方面都是独一无二的,它是当时提议并最终得以实现的最大规模的合并,当时合并的价值为1183亿美元,同时也是“新”、“旧”媒体之间的首次合并,是到目前为止与互联网有关的意义最为重大的合并。美国联邦贸易委员会和联邦通讯委员会分别于2000年12月14日和2001年l月19日有条件地批准了这一合并。
联邦贸易委员会考虑的主要的经济问题有:(1)合并后的企业是否应当被要求为美国在线之外的互联网服务提供商( Internet Service Providers, ISP)提供有线宽带网络频道? (2)美国在线购买有线电视网络缆线资源后,它自己通过数字用户线路( Digital Subscriber Lines , DSL ,能与有线网络竞争的另一种宽带接入技术)提供服务的兴趣会不会减弱?而联邦通讯委员会关心的最主要的经济问题,则集中在美国在线有没有能力将其在以文本为基础的即时通讯( Instant Messaging, IM )市场上的优势地位,利用它兼并的有线网络资产,转移到下一代即时通讯服务市场上去。
中国需要反垄断经济学
——《反托拉斯革命》译者序
林平 臧旭恒
在《中华人民共和国反垄断法》正式通过、并将实施之际,我们组织翻译的《反托拉斯革命》(第四版)中译本由经济科学出版社出版了。
经历漫长的十几年反垄断法草案反复修改之路后,中国终于于2007年8月正式通过并将于2008年8月正式实施《中华人民共和国反垄断法》(以下简称《反垄断法》)。从改革开放初期中国缺乏经济法律的状态,到后来经济商务法律的不断建立和改善,现在中国有了规范整个市场竞争的较完善的“游戏规则”。这是一个历史的转折点,是一个里程碑。中国下一步的重要任务,是保证《反垄断法》的有效实施,以达到其保护市场竞争的目的。
……
相信市场还是相信反垄断政策
——读《竞争与垄断:过程竞争理论视角的分析》
秋风
从经济学诞生之时起,竞争与垄断就是经济学必须面对的主要问题。亚当·斯密在《国富论》中所处理的一个主要问题,就是如何打破垄断,构造一个健全的竞争性市场制度,即他所说的“明确的、单纯的自然的自由制度”。
值得注意的是,斯密所处理的“垄断”,基本上是指国王或者国会通过法律所设立的垄断。在英国,从16世纪中期后,英国国王或国会设立了很多这类垄断性公司。当时的普通法法院一直试图打破这种垄断,甚至因此与国王发生了政治上的冲突。斯密则是很晚才为这种反垄断政策提供了一个经济学上的论证。
……
基于NK模型的复杂系统中的组织结构分析
杨延村 赵炳新
内容摘要: 企业规模的扩大和环境的剧烈变化正在使企业的组织结构和经营活动越来越复杂,从企业动态演化的角度来看,组织结构不仅仅是一个静态和比较分析的概念,更是一个以提高企业绩效为目的、在长期内赢得竞争优势的过程。组织结构从决策权力分配的特征考虑可以分为集权模式和分权模式。通过一个绩效景观模拟模型可以观察到,当企业的决策问题结构“可分解”时,永久分权的组织模式能够给企业带来快速发展的能力,在短期和长期内都能实现较高的绩效。当决策结构“不可分解”时,一种先分权再集权的整合模式在长期内可以使企业达到最佳绩效,但是企业必须承受前期分权模式带来的绩效损失。在决策结构“不可分解”的情况下,只要允许企业分权游走足够长的时间,企业的绩效总能超过永久集权模式的游走,并且复杂性的增加并没有明显削弱整合模式相对集权模式提升绩效的能力。
关键词:组织结构;分权;绩效景观;复杂系统
Analysis of organization structure in complex system based on NK model
Yang Yancun Zhao Bingxin
Abstract: With radical changes of environment and more and more big body, firms’ operations and organization structure become so complicate. Form the aspect of dynamic evolution of firms, not only is organization structure static and comparative analysis, but also a process that aims at improving performance and creating competitive advantages. By a simulation model of performance we can conclude that the decentralized pattern could make firms rapidly develop and reach high performance in both short and long run when the decision problem structure is “decomposable”. When the decision problem structure is “Indecomposable”, temporarily decentralized and reintegration pattern leads to the highest performance in the case that firms’ withstand the performance loss which the earlier period decentralization pattern brings. When the decision problem structure is “Indecomposable”, only if we make firms’ walks randomly for enough long time, firms’ performance can always surpass the firms’ that walk randomly in permanent centralized pattern, and complex increase doesn’t weaken the ability of improving performance of reintegrated pattern relative to centralized pattern.
Key words: organization structure; decentralization; performance landscape; complex system
JEL Classification: L22 C61