不对称信息条件下的纵向约束述评
穆慧敏 冯中越
摘 要：在现代产业组织理论中，纵向约束是指上下游企业之间对价格、数量或者服务水平进行约束的长期契约关系。纵向约束理论从20世纪80年代中期才逐渐发展起来，早期的纵向约束文献多集中于如何利用纵向约束消除外部性，而当前纵向约束研究的重点是在不对称信息条件下的纵向约束问题。本文回顾了纵向约束理论发展沿革，重点对四个经典的不对称信息条件下纵向约束模型进行了述评。
关键词：纵向约束，不对称信息，不确定性，契约关系，激励机制
A Review of Vertical Restraints Under Asymmetric Information
Mu Minhui Feng Zhongyue
Abstract Among modern industrial organization theory, vertical restrains are a series of complex contracts between upstream and downstream firms, which restrict some variables such as prices, quantity, and service level. Vertical restraints theory developed gradually in middle1980s. The emphasis of early literatures was how to use vertical restraints to eliminate externality, while now the research has focused on vertical restraints under asymmetric information. This paper is a survey of the evolution of vertical restraints theory, and especially a review of four vertical restraints models under asymmetric information.
Key WordsVertical Restraints, Asymmetric Information, Uncertainty, Contracts, Incentive Mechanism
JEL Classification:D82 L42
产业集群中知识共享深度与知识型企业的创新资源投入关系研究
王文平 谈正达
摘要 针对我国外生型和混合内生型集群中国内小企业对大企业（国外跨国公司）的依附关系，建立集群中知识溢出、知识共享所形成的不同深度组织知识和企业的私有知识对产出的影响分析模型，通过仿真计算，研究了不同知识共享深度及私有知识产出弹性对企业知识共享行为和创新资源投入的影响。研究表明，对大企业而言，只有当公共知识产出弹性超过一定阈值时，才会进行主动知识共享，且该阈值随着知识共享深度的增加而增大；且当公共知识产出弹性超过该阈值时，大企业创新投入将随公共知识产出弹性的增加而显著增加；但此时公共知识产出弹性的增加反而会抑制小企业的创新投入。相关研究结论对促进集群持续发展提供了有益的启示。
关键词 集群；知识共享；公共知识；私有知识
Study on the relationships between knowledge sharing depth and innovation resource devotion for knowledge-based enterprise in cluster
Wang Wen-ping, Tan zheng-da
（School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China）
Abstract: This paper establishes an analyzing model to analyze what influences that the organizational knowledge as well as companies’ private knowledge formed by the knowledge spillover and sharing at different degrees could exert on the clusters’ outcome, which is based on the rely of the medium and small companies on the large companies (foreign multinational companies) on the background of China’s out-ward and mixed in-ward industrial clusters. It analyzes what influence that the knowledge sharing at different degrees and outputting flexibility of the companies’ private knowledge could exert on the companies’ sharing knowledge and the devotion of the innovational resources through a simulation method. As a conclusion, as to the large companies, they would share their knowledge positively only when the flexibility of the public knowledge outputting exceeds the threshold, and the threshold will increase by the growth of flexibility of the public knowledge output. At the same time, the large companies’ input into the innovation will also remarkably increase. But that increase will restrain the small companies’ input into innovation instead. This conclusion provides advice for development of the industrial clusters continuously.
Keywords:industrial clusters, knowledge sharing, public knowledge, private knowledge
JEL Classification:D83 L10
论企业集群升级战略
符正平
[摘要] 本文基于文献研究和对广东珠江三角洲地区一些企业集群的实地调研，系统地讨论了企业集群升级战略。本文首先分析了集群升级的国际国内背景以及集群升级的基本含义；分析了主要集群理论所引申的升级含意及措施；以珠江三角洲地区的外向型集群为例讨论了一个有代表性的集群升级模式，即从OEM升级为集群自创品牌。还讨论了集群自主创新机制以及组织学习对集群升级过程的影响。
[关键词] 集群升级战略 全球价值链 创新网络心智模式产业政策
The Upgrading Strategies of Industrial Clusters in China
Fu Zhengping
Management School of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275
Abstracts Under the challenge of economic globalization, upgrading industrial clusters is an important issue. This paper discusses the upgrading implications of some cluster theory models and the impact of economic globalization. The upgrading model of industrial clusters in the Pearl River Delta is very typical. From OEM to OBM is a typical route. Technological innovation and organizational learning are also very important for cluster upgrading.
Keywordsupgrading strategies, industrial clusters, mental model, innovation, global value chain, industrial policy
JEL Classification:L10 L53
浙江省永康地区企业发展与产业集聚研究
金祥荣 朱希伟 叶建亮
摘 要 产业集群的发展受到历史、区位、规模经济等因素的作用，本文对浙江永康地区的企业发展与产业集聚进行案例研究，试图从一个比较完整的视角来揭示产业集群发展的基本经验与规律。
关键词 产业集聚 产业集群 分工
Research on the Industrial Development and Clustering of Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province
Jin Xiangrong, Zhu Xiwei & Ye Jianliang
（Center for Research in Private Economy, Zhejiang University）
Abstract:Several factors contribute to the regional industrial clustering, including history, location, and the scale of economy. This research presents case studies on the industrial development and agglomeration in Yongkang city, Zhejiang province. It reveals the fundamental principles and provides empirical evidence of the development of industrial clustering in an integrated point of view.
Keywords:Industrial Agglomeration; Industrial Cluster; Division of Labor
从专业化与分工经济看新公司治理与企业制度变迁
向 锐 胡汉辉
摘 要：过去20多年中，企业组织已发生了巨大变化。其中，人力资本相对于非人力资本的重要性上升与跨企业组织的发展尤为显著。本文从专业化与分工经济角度分析公司治理及其实践，并为当前已经发生的企业变迁提供了一个解释。
关键词：企业制度，公司治理，专业化与分工经济
Economies of Specialization and Division of Labor in the Business Change and the Governance of the New Enterprise
Xiang Rui Hu hanhui
(Research Center of Group Economy and Industrial Organization, Southeast University, 210096)
Abstract: Business organizations have changed substantially in the past more than 20 years. Perhaps the two most important differences are the increased importance of human capital relative to inanimate assets and the development of cross-firm organizations. This paper has provided an interpretation of these variances by using economies of spcialization and division of labor.
Keywords: enterprise system, corporate governance, economies of specialization and division of labor.
JEL classification: D23; G34; L14
网络治理与集群治理
孟 韬
摘要：随着网络组织的发展，网络治理成为一种新型的治理模式。作为网络组织的产业集群也存在治理模式。集群治理是产业集群实现网络经济效应和竞争优势的重要保障。本文在阐释了网络治理内涵的基础上，提出集群治理具有以网络治理为主，市场治理、层级治理为辅的多元治理模式；产业集群组织内部存在经济网络和社会网络，该“双网络”引致“互嵌”机制。
关键词：网络治理；产业集群；集群治理
Network Governance and Cluster Governance
Meng Tao
(Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China)
Abstract: Network Governance has become one kind of new model of governance with the development of network organization. As the network organization, industrial clusters also have governance mechanism. Cluster governance is the important premises for industrial cluster to achieve the effect of network economies and competitive advantages. The paper supposed that cluster governance has multiple governance forms including network governance, market governance and hierarchy governance. Moreover there is “Double Network” consisting of economic network and social network in the organization of industrial cluster, which induce the “Mutual Embeddedness”.
Keywords：Industrial Clusters; Cluster Governance; Network Governance
JEL Classification:L14 L51
网络时代美国音乐产业演化之案例分析——兼论百度侵权
巫景飞 孙继伟
摘 要 “百度侵权”奏响了我国网络时代音乐产业发展的不和谐之音，我国网络音乐未来会有什么样的商业图景成为业内关注的焦点。了解并借鉴其他发达国家的经验案例，显然对于我国音乐产业和谐发展具有重要意义。本文主要以美国音乐产业为研究对象，运用纵向、嵌入式案例研究方法，从产业与企业两个层面对信息技术冲击下的美国音乐产业变革过程作了较为深入地分析，并给出了相应启示与建议。
关键词商业图景 商业模式 共同演化 音乐产业
The Evolution Of American Music Industry Business Landscape：A Longitudinal Case Study
Wu JingFei SunJiWei
Abstract With the impact of information technology and other complement ones, traditional incumbents in music industry are facing more and more challenges, such as music copyrights pirate behaviors on the Internet and competition pressure from new enters with new business model。The paper takes a longitudinal and embedded case study on this changing and co-evolution process, and whish can gives some suggestion and implication to the development of online music industry in China.
Keywords Business Landscape Business Model Co-evolution Music industry
JEL Classification:L86 M21
东北国有林区企业效率测算与分析--DEA方法
刘 璨 于法稳
内容提要：本文采用DEA分析方法，以东北国有林区企业为例，分析了其技术效率、规模经济、TFP等的变化趋势，结果表明：1）国有林区经营林地面积小的企业，存在报酬递增规律；经营林地面积大的企业，存在报酬递减规律；而经营一定规模的企业，其规模报酬不变；2）东北国有林区50家企业的TFP下降了5.00%，其原因在于TCH的下降；3）EFFCH对TFP的变化贡献不大，PECH和SECH对EFFCH的影响几乎相差无几，从整体上说，SECH对EFFC为正影响；PECH对EFFCH的影响为负的；4）1998年以后，TFP下降更为明显，显然与国家实施天然林保护工程有密切的关系。在此基础上，提出了大型森工企业产业结构调整的政策性建议。这对于振兴东北老工业基地具有一定的指导意义。
关键词：东北国有林区 效率分析 包络数据分析方法 林业经济
Efficiency analysis of the Northeast national forest enterprise—DEA approach
LIU Can YU Fawen
Abstract:the paper uses DEA approach, and the northeast national forest enterprises have been selected as the samplings, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and TFP has been analyzed. The research results indicate: 1) some national forest enterprises have increasing return to scale because of less scale, while some enterprises have decreasing return to scale, the others have constant return to scale; 2) TFP has reduced sharply because of the reduction of technical change; 3) the contribution of efficiency change to TFP is smaller, while SECH has almost no impact on efficiency change. 4) After natural forest protection program has been launched, TFP has been reduced sharply. In accordance with analysis results, some policy recommendations have been presented, which are benefit to the Northeast Industrial base.
Key words: the northeast national forest area, efficiency analysis, DEA (data envelopment analysis)， forestry economics
JEL Classification:L73 C25
服务业跨国公司的质量信号选择
——对专业服务领域跨国公司歧异化战略的讨论
董佺 张诚
摘 要：专业服务跨国公司在市场进入初期，以质量信号作为歧异化战略的具体实施方式之一。本文在分离均衡条件下对其质量信号的选择策略进行了研究。选择何种质量信号，受到服务成本差异程度、来自相邻市场的替代压力和重复购买性等因素的制约。在细分市场占整个行业比重较低的条件下，如果专业服务跨国公司（在高端市场上具有垄断优势）提供服务的成本很高，且替代程度较低时，高价格会成为最优的质量信号。相反，如果成本差距不大，且相近市场对细分市场有一定的替代压力时，花费性广告更有可能作为质量信号出现。本文据此对专业服务跨国公司的未来的质量信号策略和市场渗透方式作出了预测。
关键词:专业服务跨国公司 质量信号 分离均衡 潜在替代压力
Choice of the Quality Signals for Transnational Professional Service Firms--The Discussion about the Implementation of Differentiation Strategy
Dongquan Zhangcheng
Abstract: In the initial period, transnational Professional Service Firms(PSFs) tend to choose quality signals as tools in implementing their differentiation strategy. This paper discusses how they make the decisions and what factors influence the choice under the separating equilibria. Difference of cost gap，potential substitution pressure and nonrepeated purchasing feature are the major ones leading to the result. If transnational PSFs have higher service costs and lower substitution pressures from competing market, they may choose high price as quality signal. Otherwise, if cost gap is not very large and there are much substitution pressures from the related market, dissipative advertising may be observed .We also give the predictions on transnational PSFs’ near future signaling and penetration strategies in China.
Key Words:Transnational Professional Service Firm, Quality Signal, Separating Equilibria, Potential Substitution Pressure
JEL Classification:N70 L80
中国啤酒业并购战略的产业组织分析
张慧
摘 要 本文在数理与实证的基础上，从市场结构、厂商行为和经济绩效等多角度全方位透析了世界最大的啤酒生产和消费¬市场——中国啤酒业的产业组织特征，系统地阐述了厂商并购战略的模式、动机及其演化趋势，并从理论和实践的角度给出了“后并购时代”厂商进一步博弈的可行战略空间，为政府进行产业规制提供了合理的参照。
关键词 啤酒业，并购，产业组织
The Industrial Organization Analysis on Merger
Strategies of China Beer Industry
Zhang Hui
(Economics Department of Business School, Nanjing University)
Abstracts We analyze the industrial organization features of China beer industry—the largest beer production and consumption market in the world—from market structures, firm behavior and economic performances aspects, based on a modeling and empirical study. We expatiate systematically on the modes, motivations and evolutionary trend of merger strategies. We also provide the firms with a feasible strategy dimensions for further games in the post-merger times. And it could be useful for government regulations in this industry.
Key Words beer industry; mergers; industrial organization
JEL Classification L16, L20, L66