关于区域发展中“打造产业链”问题的讨论
王缉慈谭文柱
摘要 针对许多地方政府提出“打造产业链、“延长产业链”的区域发展思路,本文从回顾“产业链”的相关概念出发,分析产业联系的空间形式,区别了产业集群战略与“延长产业链”的本质区别,借用价值链概念,认为区域发展的本质在于努力提高本地产业环节的附加值,“打造产业链”、“延长产业链”的发展思路可能会误导地方经济的发展,是对产业集群战略的误解。
关键词 产业联系,产业集群,区域发展
JEL Classification:L110 R120
On the Problem of “Forging Industrial Chain” in Regional Development
Wang Jici Tan Wenzhu
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract: drawing on the thoughts of “forging industrial chain” and “extending industrial chain”, which is put forward by many governments recently, this paper reviews the concepts involved with “industrial chain”, and suggests that the cluster strategy is substantially different with these thoughts. According to the value chain theory, the key point of local development is to enhance the value added by the local activities. The thoughts of “forging industrial chain” and “extending industrial chain” may mislead the regional development.
Keywords: industry linkage, industrial cluster, regional development
JEL Classification:L110 R120
经济全球化中贸易一体化及其效应的实证研究
刘志彪 吴福象
摘 要:本文在分析贸易一体化的内涵及其效应的基础上,根据投入产出表对中国及长三角的贸易一体化和生产非一体化指数进行了测算,并以江苏为例,对贸易一体化的相关性进行了计量检验,结果支持了本文假说。表明生产非一体化对贸易一体化具有较高的解释能力。除此之外,当模型中加进资本化指数、行业外向度以及交易费用等变量时,模型的解释效果更加显著。
关键词:经济全球化 贸易一体化生产非一体化 长三角地区
JEL分类:F020 C670
An Empirical Study on the Integration of Trade and its Effects in the Global Economy
LIU Zhibiao WU Fuxiang
Abstract: After analyzing the connotations and effects of integration of trade, we give some propositions and estimate the degree of integration of trade and disintegration of production of China and the Yangtze River Delta based on the indices we set, and then, we give correlation tests based on input-output tables of Jiangsu province. The result supports the hypothesis that disintegration of production can give explanations to integration of trade. Other variables, such as extroversive index, capitalization index, transaction cost, etc. can also explain the facts of integration of trade, and if we modify the model, the significances improve.
Key Words: global economy, integration of trade, disintegration of production
JEL Classification:F020 C670
集群资源、战略网络与企业竞争力
张书军 李新春
摘 要:作为一种资源,战略网络是集群企业竞争力的内生来源,也是将影响企业竞争力的外部环境力量内生化的重要工具。本文认为,一个同时占据集群专有性战略网络和非集群专有性(外部)战略网络的企业将获得其他企业所无法比拟的竞争优势,这恰是透过集群来看企业竞争力的关键所在。从企业间网络与企业家网络两个角度来解构集群企业战略网络有助于对这一点有更深入的了解。
关键词:战略网络 竞争力 集群
JEL Classification:L190 L290
Cluster Resources, Firm’s Strategic Network and Competitiveness
ZHANG Shujun LI Xinchun
(School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275)
Abstract:Strategic network functions both as a valuable resource and mechanism to internalize the external resources in enhancing a firm’s competitive advantage. This paper argues that the existence, extent and strength of a firm’s strategic network are the key determinants in the competitiveness differentials between firms within and outside the cluster. A firm that enjoys both cluster-specific and non-cluster-specific strategic networks will obtain difficult-to-imitate competitiveness. This paper also identifies the strategic network relationships in interfirm and interpersonal those two dimensions.
Key Words: Strategic network; Competitiveness; Cluster
JEL Classification:L190 L290
国际分工与产业集聚
本多光雄
导 言
本文拟从国际产业的区位选择这一国际贸易理论角度来分析“国际分工及产业集聚”问题。
传统的国际贸易理论是试图以微观经济学的一般均衡理论为基础来解释国与国之间生产配置及决定贸易形态体系的。认为贸易利润来源于外部,即国与国之间,这在比较生产费用理论(李嘉国模型)中是指由两国间生产技术的差异带来利润,而在H=O(赫克歇尔——俄林模型)里则是指由生产要素的资源禀赋差异带来这种利润。
按以上理论一般得出的结论为:发展中国家大量生产并出口劳动密集型产品;发达国家利用高新技术的优势,生产并出口资本密集型产品。这一传统的贸易理论仍然可以用于分析目前世界贸易类型,因为各国在技术水平、收入水平、资本存量等方面仍存在很大差异,而这些差异都可以成为判断该国适合生产何种产品的重要因素。
本文将以这些理论为基础。对当今贸易结构在各国的变化状况,以及对各国产业结构、世界范围内的国际分工的影响及发生的变化等等一一进行探讨。
产业集聚、技术进步和产业升级:来自长三角的证据
梁琦詹亦军
摘要 本文以长三角制造业为对象,利用区域内十六个城市1998-2003年的相关数据进行分析和计算,证明了产业集聚对技术进步和产业升级的影响:产业集聚能促进产业从劳动密集型向资本密集型转变,推动行业的技术水平提高并强化竞争。
关键词 长江三角洲 制造业 产业集聚产业升级 技术进步
JEL Classification:L000 L190
Industrial Concentration,Technological Development and Industrial Upgrading:
Evidence from Changjiang Delta
Liang Qi and Zhan Yijun
Abstract: This paper aims to study the manufacturing industry of Changjiang delta. It makes analyses and calculations by using the relevant data of sixteen cities in this area between 1998 and 2003 and proves that the industrial concentration could affect the technological development and industrial upgrading: the industrial concentration could help the industry transit from the labor-intensive type to the capital-intensive type, push forward the technological level of the industry and strengthen the competition.
Key Words: Changjiang Delta, Manufacturing Industry, Industrial Concentration, Industrial Upgrading, Technological Development
JEL Classification:L000 L190
衍生型集群:珠江三角洲西岸地区产业集群生成机制研究
王珺
摘要:产业集群已成为我国区域性经济竞争力的一个重要标志。在一个地区缺乏资源禀赋、技术积累以及外部要素大量进入条件下,产业集群也是有可能生成的。只是这种生成机制存在着一个演化过程,即主导企业先从进入贸易活动为主,然后逐步转向以生产活动为主。当其它企业也仿效主导企业依次从进入贸易活动到进入生产性活动后,一个地区的产业集群就可能由依托专业市场而发展起来。本文以聚集在珠江三角洲西岸的产业集群为研究对象,通过对这类集群生成条件和转化过程的理论分析,提出了衍生型集群的概念,并进一步指出了开展对这种集群类型的研究在我国区域性经济发展中的普遍意义。
关键词:衍生型集群、主导企业、专业市场
JEL Classification:L000 L190
Derivative Cluster: a Study of the Forming Mechanism of the
Industrial Cluster on the Western Side of Zhujiang Delta
Wang Jun
Abstract: The industrial clusters have become an important symbol of Chinese regional economic competitiveness. Even when an area is lack of resources and techniques and the external elements couldn’t enter the area in great quantities, the industrial clusters could still come into being. However, this kind of forming mechanism has a transition process. The dominant firms will mainly have business in the trade, and then turn to the manufacturing business. After the other firms imitate the dominant firm and turn from the trade to the manufacturing business, a regional industrial cluster could come into being by depending on the specialized markets. This paper aims to study the industrial clusters on the western side of Zhujiang delta and puts forward the concept of derivative clusters by the theoretical analyses of the forming conditions and transition processes of this kind of clusters, and points out the general significance of studying this kind of clusters for Chinese regional economic development.
Key Words: Derivative Clusters, Dominant Firm, Specialized Market
JEL Classification:L000 L190
产业集聚对经济增长的“后向关联”效应分析
刘春玉杨蕙馨
[摘要]我国目前已经进入了产业集聚与经济增长密切相关联的阶段,各地都期望通过产业集聚的方式发挥后发优势,缩小与发达地区的差距,然而集聚仅是经济增长的必要条件,而非充分条件。在分析Martin和Ottaviano关于集聚与经济增长的前后向连接模型的基础上,指出有助于产业集聚与经济增长正反馈机制形成的关键要素有创新成本、交易成本、差异化产品替代弹性和消费份额,并对产业集聚促进经济增长的后向连接效应做了系统的解释,并根据模型提出了判断产业集聚发展的标准。
[关键词]产业集聚 内生增长 前向连接 后向连接
JEL Classification:L000 L190 O000
The Analysis of Effect of “Backward Linkage” between Industry Cluster and economics Growth
LIU Chunyu YANG Huixin
(Management School of Shandong University,Jinan Shandong Province,250100)
,
[Abstracts] Chinese economy has come into the stage which industry cluster has close correlation with the economic growth, because the government convinces that cluster spurs the growth, Chinese local governments expect to reduce the difference between the advanced and laggard regions through application of industry cluster. So, it is extremely urgent to research the relationship between cluster and growth. This article analyzes a model about cluster and growth put forward by Martin and Ottaviano, and points out the cost of innovation, cost of transaction, substituted elasticity of differentiated goods, and consumption expenditure are crucial factors which be helpful to improve self-reinforcing process of the cluster and economic growth. In virtue of this discovery, this article concludes by suggesting the criterion that can be used to judge right mode of development of cluster.
[Key words] industry cluster, endogenous growth, forward linkage, backward linkage
JEL Classification:L000 L190 O000
集群形成中的地区先发优势——主导厂商的作用
原毅军 丁永健
摘要:地区产业集聚具有先发优势,呈现出强者愈强、弱者愈弱的局面,本文分析这一过程中主导厂商所起的作用。主导厂商在某一地区投资后,一方面通过知识溢出和学习机制,会吸引同类厂商选择在同一地区投资。另一方面通过产业关联效应,吸引上下游企业在周边集聚,促进产业集群的形成和扩张。
关键词:集群 先发优势 学习机制 纵向关联机制
JEL Classification:L110 R120
Regional Priority Advantages in the Cluster Forming—Roles of the dominant Firms
Yuan Yijun and Ding Yongjian
Abstract: The regional industrial cluster has priority advantages, and embodies the situation of “the strong gets stronger and the weak gets weaker”. This paper analyzes the roles of the dominant firms in this process. After the dominant firm makes investment in some area, on one hand, the similar firms will be attracted to invest in the same area through the effect of knowledge overflowing and learning mechanism; on the other hand, the upstream and downstream firms will be attracted to gather around this area and this will promote the forming and expansion of the industrial cluster.
Key Words: Cluster, Priority Advantage, Learning Mechanism, Vertical Correlation Mechanism
JEL Classification:L110 R120
地ICT产业融合中的集群变迁分析
尹莉臧旭恒
摘要:本文从ICT产业融合的经济背景入手,结合ICT产业自身的特征,对形成产业集群的基础──地理因素进行了考察。由于产业融合导致ICT产品价值创造的模块化与全球化,使得ICT产业的集群呈现出某些与传统产业集群不同的变化过程,从而淡化了原本重要的地理因素。结果表明,在不同的领域,新的产业集群逐渐形成的同时,原来的产业集群也在不断分散和转移。
关键词:产业融合,产业集群,模块
JEL Classification:L000 L190
Some Dynamic Changes of ICT Industry Clusters in the Tendency of Industry Convergence
Xuheng Zang , Yinli
Abstract: This thesis proceeds with new economic background of industry convergence,considering ICT industry's characteristics,investigates the foundation of Industry cluster──geographical centralization. Since industry convergence has made modularization and globalization in process of ICT products’value creating,thus some features different from traditional industry's clusters have appeared,and made geographical centralization less important. We get to the conclusion that in different fields of ICT Industry, while new industry clusters have established gradually,some existed industry clusters are being disintegrated or transforming continuously.
Key words: Industry Convergence,Industry cluster,Module
JEL Classification:L000 L190
地方产业成长的组织模式选择
——兼论产业集群与企业集团的比较
胡汉辉周晔刘怀德
摘 要 本文在分析中间性组织理论的基础上,以改革开放以来我国苏南地区的产业发展实践为依据,试论述地方产业成长的组织路径,并就产业集群与企业集团两种相对稳定的中间性组织模式进行了比较,阐述了两者之间的联系与适用性,为我国地方产业成长的组织模式选择提供政策建议。
关键词 中间性组织,产业集群,企业集团,地方产业
JEL Classification:L190 L290
The Choice of Organization Pattern in Regional Industry Development¬——and a Comparatively Research on Industrial Cluster and Enterprises Group
Hu Hanhui Zhou Ye Liu Huaide
(Center of Industrial Organization Research,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)
Abstract:Based on making a brief research on the intermediate organization theory and the industry development in Chinese well developed regions,such as South Jiangsu,after the Chinese Reform and Opening. We try to analysis the organization form in regional industry development,and compare industrial cluster to enterprises group,which are both comparatively steady intermediate organization,expatiate on the relationship between them,then bring forward some proposals on the choice for organization pattern in Chinese regional industry development.
Key words:intermediate organization; industrial cluster; enterprises group; regional industry
JEL Classification:L190 L290
纺织服装专业市场和产业集聚
顾庆良 林欣 沈漪
摘要 中国纺织服装专业市场与产业集群有密切的关系,常与产业集群相伴而生。中国的纺织服装专业市场对产业集群具有延展集群的外部规模效应、强化集群的集约度/整合性等诸多积极作用。随着产业集群的发展,中国的纺织专业市场也必然从成本导向型、规模型向价值导向型和创新型发展。
关键词 纺织服装 专业市场 产业集群 贸易商厦
JEL Classification:L000 L190
Textile & Apparel Market Center and Clustering
Gu Qingliang, Lin Xin, Shen Yi
Abstract The Textile and Clothing wholesale markets are close related with the clustering of the industry. The development of markets enhances the external economies of scale, concretes the integration of the clusters and tightens the linkage between the suppliers and buyers. As the clusters are growing up, the markets will certainly change the path, from cost orientation and scale extending to value orientation and innovation leading.
Key Words: textile & apparel market center cluster, mart
JEL Classification:L000 L190
全球价值链下的地方产业集群升级研究
――以天津电子信息产业集群为例
刘秉镰 韩晶
内容摘要:全球价值链理论为研究发展中国家地方产业集群如何参与经济全球化并在其中实现产业升级,提供了重要的分析工具和方法。地方产业集群一般是全球价值链片断化的结果。全球价值链条的驱动力和升级轨迹对于地方产业集群的发展有着重要影响。文章通过对全球价值链视角下天津电子信息产业集群发展的研究,提出了天津电子信息产业集群发展的战略对策。最后,在此基础上将对全球价值链下的中国地方产业集群升级进行共性研究。
关键词:全球价值链 地方产业集群 驱动力 治理模式
A Study of the Local Industrial Cluster Upgrading under the Global Value Chain
—A Case Study of Tianjin Electronic Information Industrial Cluster
Liu Binglian and Han Jing
Abstract: The global value chain theory provides important analytical tools and methods to study how the local industrial clusters of the developing countries participate in the economic globalization and realize the industrial upgrading in this process. The local industrial cluster is usually the result of the fragmentation of the global value chain. The driving forces of the global value chain and the upgrading route have important effects on the development of the local industrial clusters. This paper studies the development of Tianjin electronic information industrial cluster from the point of the global value chain, and puts forward strategic countermeasures for the development of Tianjin electronic information industrial cluster. In the end, this paper makes a further general study of Chinese local industrial clusters upgrading under the global value chain.
Key Words: Global Value Chain, Local Industrial Clusters, Driving Forces, Management Mode
JEL Classification:F020 L190