数字产业集群的多层嵌套架构：理论框架和研究展望
施宇 王节祥 杨洋
摘要：作为数字经济时代引领新一轮产业变革的新型组织形态，数字产业集群是“十五五”时期培育新质生产力、构建现代化产业体系的重要载体。然而，现有研究在其概念界定与定位上尚未形成统一认识，导致后续关于创新机制、政策效应等的分析建立在并不一致的研究对象上。基于此，本文综合运用文献计量、内容分析和理论演绎法，系统阐释了数字产业集群相较于传统产业集群的内涵变革，指出其具有“数据—平台—生态”多层嵌套架构新特征，数据成为战略性生产要素、主要依托数字平台协调组织间运作、进而形成突破地域限制的产业生态。针对数字产业集群发展中存在的“数据沉睡症、架构失调症、生态自闭症”等困境，指出未来研究可以聚焦揭示“数据资源驱动创新、平台架构支撑创新、生态跨界融合创新”的内在机制。最后，研究围绕我国提出打造具有国际竞争力数字产业集群的战略目标，提出应充分发挥超大规模市场和超大规模产业基础所提供的数据资源和场景优势，强化“有效市场和有为政府”相结合的治理效能，为构建现代化产业体系提供重要理论依据。
关键词：数字产业集群 多层嵌套架构 数据资源 平台 生态系统
The Multi-layer Nested Architecture of Digital Industrial Clusters:
Theoretical Framework and Research Prospects
Yu Shi Jiexiang Wang Yang Yang
Abstract: As a new organizational form leading the next round of industrial transformation in the digital economy era, digital industrial clusters are an important carrier for cultivating new productive forces and building a modern industrial system during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. However, existing research has not yet reached a consensus on its concept and positioning, which leads to subsequent analyses of innovation mechanisms and policy effects being based on inconsistent research objects. Based on this, this paper comprehensively employs bibliometric, content analysis, and theoretical deduction methods to systematically explain the connotative changes of digital industrial clusters compared to traditional industrial clusters, pointing out that they have the new feature of a multi-layer nested architecture of "data - platform - ecosystem", where data becomes a strategic production factor, mainly relying on digital platforms to coordinate the operation between organizations, and thus forming an industrial ecosystem that breaks through geographical restrictions. In response to the predicaments such as "data dormancy syndrome, architecture imbalance syndrome, and ecosystem isolation syndrome" existing in the development of digital industrial clusters, it is suggested that future research can focus on revealing the internal mechanisms of "data resource-driven innovation, platform architecture-supported innovation, and ecosystem cross-border integration innovation". Finally, the study, in light of China's strategic goal of building internationally competitive digital industrial clusters, proposes that we should fully leverage the advantages of data resources and scenarios provided by the super-large-scale market and industrial foundation, and enhance the governance effectiveness of combining an effective market with a capable government, providing an important theoretical basis for building a modern industrial system.
Keywords: Digital Industrial Clusters Multi-Layer Nested Architecture Data Resources Platform Ecosystem
JEL Classification: O33 L16
经济理性与社会规范：基层农产品交易秩序中的双向嵌入机制
黄佳鹏 朱婷婷
摘要：基于田野调研方法，本文以关中平原G镇作为典型农业地区的个案代表，透过具体的甜瓜产品交易过程开展研究。研究发现，基层农产品交易过程由于发生在基层社会场域，其交易过程并非完全按照经济学范式下的市场理性逻辑展开，而是充斥着市场经济理性与地方社会规范之间的双向互动，其本质上是一个经济社会学的议题。在基层农产品交易过程中，经济理性与社会规范之间存在持续的互动，其互动模式集中体现在以“代办”为代表的农村职业经纪人群体实践过程之中。该群体内生于地方社会结构之中，能够有效承担农产品交易过程中“质量鉴别”、“信用担保”、“产品信息匹配”与“价格协商”等多重角色，兼具社会性、生产性与市场性，能够较好将基层农产品市场交易中需要的社会规则与市场理性相统合，成为链接双向嵌入的核心媒介。在双向嵌入机制作用下，基层农产品市场中所需要的技术网络、社会网络以及组织网络得以整合统一，能够有效促进农产品交易合约稳定性的生成，进而有效破解基层农产品市场中小农户对接大市场的现实困境。本文研究成果有助于推动基层农产品交易实践，并助力实现农业产业振兴战略。
关键词：农产品交易 基层市场 双向嵌入 产业振兴
Economic Rationality and Social Norms: Analysis of the Two-way Embedding Mechanism in the Trading Order of Grassroots Agricultural Products
Jiapeng Huang Tingting Zhu
Abstract: Based on field research methods, this paper takes G Town in Shanxi as a representative case of a typical agricultural area and conducts a study through the specific transaction process of melon. The study finds that agricultural product transactions occurring within local social fields, their transaction processes do not fully follow the market rational logic under the economic paradigm. Instead, they are filled with bidirectional interactions between market economic rationality and local social norms, making it essentially a topic in economic sociology. During agricultural product transactions, there is a continuous interaction between economic rationality and social norms, manifested mainly in the practice process of rural professional brokers represented by "agents". This group is endogenous to the local social structure and can effectively take on multiple roles in the agricultural product transaction process, such as "quality assessment","credit assurance","product information matching"and"price negotiation". They possess social, productive, and market attributes, effectively integrating the social rules needed in grassroots agricultural product market transactions with market rationality, becoming the core medium linking bidirectional embeddedness. Under the mechanism of bidirectional embeddedness, the technical networks, social networks, and organizational networks required in grassroots agricultural product markets are integrated and unified, effectively promoting the stability of agricultural product transaction contracts and thus effectively overcoming the practical difficulties faced by small farmers in connecting with large markets. The findings of this study help promote grassroots agricultural product transaction practices and contribute to the realization of the agricultural industry revitalization strategy.
Keywords: Trading of Agricultural Products Grassroots Markets Bidirectional Embedding Industrial Revitalization
JEL Classification:Q13 J82 L22
输配电价规制制度变迁是否影响电网公司成本效率？
——理论机制与中国证据
李宏舟 姜江 于文领
摘要：科学的事后因果评估是检验制度变迁是否有效和探讨制度优化方向的关键。我国于2015年导入了以省级电网公司为监管对象的输配电价准许收入规制，本文基于2006-2021年23家省级电网公司的非平衡面板数据，运用广义双重差分法（也称“一刀切”式双重差分法）对2015年导入的准许收入规制与电网公司单位成本变化的因果关系进行了考察。实证结果发现，准许收入规制并没有显著降低电网公司的输配电成本。本文认为这与准许收入规制改革导入之初稳步推进和先立后破的指导思想、机制设计方面未能有效破解信息不对称和缺乏基于绩效导向的激励约束密切相关。基于上述实证结果和原因解析，本文提出了我国进一步改善准许收入规制的政策建议。
关键词：准许收入规制 广义双重差分法 输配电成本 成本效率
Does the Institutional Change in Transmission and Distribution Tariff Regulation Causally Affect the Cost Efficiency of Power Grid Companies?
——Theoretical Mechanism and Evidence from China
Hongzhou Li Jiang Jiang Wenling Yu
Abstract: Scientific post-event causal evaluation serves as a critical tool for assessing the effectiveness of institutional reforms and identifying directions for further optimization. Using panel data for 23 provincial power grid companies in mainland China from 2006 to 2021, this paper examines whether the revenue-cap regulation introduced in 2015 reduced unit transmission and distribution costs. Given that the reform was implemented nationwide and thus lacks a natural treatment and control group, the paper adopts a generalized difference-in-differences strategy and identifies policy effects through the heterogeneous impact of the reform across firms with different pre-reform efficiency levels. The results show that the 2015 reform did not significantly reduce the transmission and distribution costs of power grid companies. The study attributes this outcome to the initial implementation strategy of "promoting progressively" and "establishing first, then improving", coupled with inadequate mechanisms addressing information asymmetry and the absence of performance-based incentive constraints. Based on these findings and causal analysis, the paper proposes policy recommendations for further optimizing the current revenue-cap regulation framework.
Keywords: Revenue-cap Regulation Generalized Difference-in-Differences Transmission and Distribution Cost Cost Efficiency
JEL Classification: L51 L94 C33 D24
反窜货条款的竞争合法性边界
韩德鹏
摘要：反窜货条款作为纵向非价格限制的典型，是生产商对经销商销售地域、对象或渠道等所作的合同约束。该类条款在产品分销实践中应用广泛，但对市场竞争的影响却长期存在争议，法律评价时常游走在合同自由与竞争自由之间。反窜货条款兼具商业正当性与竞争损害风险：一方面，其可有效防止经销商搭便车、保障市场深度渗透、支持新进入者培育市场、维护产品质量与品牌声誉；另一方面，在高集中度市场、经销商势力主导或结合排他性安排时，可能衍生便利共谋、封锁分销渠道以及扭曲信息传递机制等反竞争效果。个案中考察此类条款时，需要摒弃在纵向价格限制案件中作依附性评价，以及在双重分销模式下推定横向垄断的理念误区，回归独立评价与纵向限制分析的基本逻辑。立足《反垄断法》及相关制度规则，通过动态分配举证责任和整体研判竞争效果，构建可操作、稳预期的结构化审查框架，以此测度反窜货条款的竞争合法性边界，协调合同自由与竞争自由之间的价值张力。
关键词：窜货 分销 纵向非价格限制 正当性 竞争损害
The Competitive Legality Boundary of Anti-Diversion Clauses
Depeng Han
Abstract: As a typical form of vertical non-price restraints, anti-diversion clauses are contractual restrictions imposed by manufacturers on distributors concerning sales territories, target customers and distribution channels. Widely applied in product distribution, such clauses have long sparked disputes over their impacts on market competition, and their legal evaluation constantly oscillates between freedom of contract and freedom of competition. Anti-diversion clauses possess both commercial justification and risks of competitive injury. On the one hand, they effectively prevent free-riding by distributors, facilitate in-depth market penetration, support new entrants in market cultivation, and safeguard product quality and brand reputation. On the other hand, in highly concentrated markets, distributor-dominated markets, or when combined with exclusive arrangements, they may produce anti-competitive effects such as facilitating collusion, foreclosing distribution channels and distorting information transmission mechanisms. In case reviews of such clauses, it is necessary to abandon the misconceptions of evaluating them dependently in cases involving vertical price restraints and presuming unlawful horizontal collusion under dual distribution models, and return to the underlying logic of independent assessment and analysis of vertical restraints. In accordance with the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant regulations, this paper constructs a practicable and predictable structured review framework through dynamic allocation of the burden of proof and comprehensive assessment of competitive effects. The framework aims to ascertain the competitive legality boundary of anti-diversion clauses and alleviate the tension between freedom of contract and freedom of competition.
Keywords: Diversion Distribution Vertical Non-price Restraints Justification Competitive Injury
JEL Classification: L22、L42、K21
可持续供应链如何提升企业创新质量
——基于“供应链创新与应用试点”政策的实证研究
沈兰军 李建萍 王清泽
摘要：本文在可持续发展背景下，以我国“供应链创新与应用试点”政策为准自然实验，利用2012-2024年沪深A股上市公司数据，分析可持续供应链对企业创新质量的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：可持续供应链显著提升企业创新质量，作用机制为可持续供应链通过提升供应链协同、缓解融资约束、增强供应商筛选压力促进企业创新质量提升。异质性分析发现，政策效应在国有企业、市场化水平较高地区和盈利能力较低企业中更为显著。企业数字化水平正向调节可持续供应链的创新质量促进效应，而行业集中度负向调节该效应。本文为深化供应链创新与应用试点政策、推动企业高质量创新提供经验证据与政策参考。
关键词：可持续供应链 创新质量 供应链协同 融资约束 企业数字化水平
How Sustainable Supply Chains Enhance Corporate Innovation Quality
——Empirical Study Based on the “Supply Chain Innovation and
Application Pilot” Policy
Lanjun Shen Jianping Li Qingze Wang
Abstract: From the perspective of sustainable supply chains, this paper takes China's “Supply Chain Innovation and Application Pilot” policy as a quasi-natural experiment and utilizes data from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2024 to analyze the impact of sustainable supply chains on corporate innovation quality and its underlying mechanisms. We reveal that sustainable supply chains significantly enhance corporate innovation quality, with the mechanism involving improved supply chain collaboration, alleviated financing constraints, and increased supplier screening pressure, thereby promoting innovation quality. Heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the policy effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, regions with higher marketization levels, and firms with lower profitability. The digitalization level of enterprises positively moderates the innovation quality-promoting effect of sustainable supply chains, while industry concentration negatively moderates this effect. This study provides empirical evidence and policy references for deepening the Supply Chain Innovation and Application Pilot policy and fostering high-quality corporate innovation.
Keywords: Sustainable Supply Chains Innovation Quality Supply Chain Coordination Financing Constraints Level of Corporate Digitalization
JEL Classification: O32 Q56
人工智能领域反垄断的主要竞争关注
韩伟 向峖桦 熊志远
摘要：以OECD为代表的国际组织和全球主要反垄断辖区于2010年左右开始系统关注数字经济发展，针对相关议题积极展开市场调研。近年各国关注的数字经济反垄断议题逐步聚焦人工智能领域，生成式人工智能技术的发展进一步强化各国对该领域的重视程度。全球人工智能领域的反垄断调研，大体可以分为数字经济反垄断整体认知期和人工智能反垄断逐步聚焦期两个阶段。近年各国针对人工智能领域的反垄断调研呈现出围绕算力、数据、算法三大核心要素，在此基础上向人力、能源等相关议题拓展的“3+X”模式特征。针对人工智能技术和商业模式的加速发展，算力、数据和算法仍是反垄断执法部门把握人工智能的有效切入点。各国应该结合人工智能技术栈和产业链的发展，关注智能体的应用前景，将人工智能相关因素纳入具体的反竞争行为类型，调适反垄断规则在智能时代的运用。
关键词：人工智能 算力 数据 算法 智能体
Major Competition Concerns in Antitrust Enforcement in the Field of Artificial Intelligence
Wei Han Anhua Xiang Zhiyuan Xiong
Abstract: Since around 2010, international organizations represented by the OECD and major antitrust jurisdictions around the world have begun to pay systematic attention to the development of the digital economy and have actively conducted market studies on related issues. In recent years, competition concerns in the digital economy have increasingly shifted toward the field of artificial intelligence, and the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has further intensified regulatory attention to this area. Globally, antitrust studies on artificial intelligence can be broadly divided into two stages: the stage of developing an overall understanding of antitrust issues in the digital economy, and the stage of gradually focusing antitrust analysis on artificial intelligence. Recent studies by competition authorities in different jurisdictions reveal a ‘3+X’ pattern: they center on three core elements—computing resources, data and algorithms—and further extend to related issues such as talent, labor and energy. In response to the accelerated development of artificial intelligence technologies and business models, computing resources, data and algorithms remain effective entry points for antitrust authorities to understand and assess competition concerns in the field of artificial intelligence. Competition authorities should take into account the evolution of the artificial intelligence technology stack and industrial value chain, pay close attention to the application prospects of AI agents, incorporate artificial intelligence-related factors into the analysis of specific types of anti-competitive conduct, and adapt the application of antitrust rules to the intelligent era.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence computing resources Data Algorithms AI Agents
JEL Classification: K21 L40 L86
海洋主导产业的空间约束与地区海洋经济增长
——基于山东省沿海七市的实证研究
代亚霖
摘要：海洋经济主导对海洋经济增长的作用是优化产业布局的关键议题。本文将港口岸线、海域管制与科研锁定三重空间约束纳入分析框架，基于山东省沿海七市面板数据，运用空间杜宾模型与门槛回归模型检验。研究发现：海洋经济主导对本地经济增长具有显著正向直接效应，但对邻近地区存在负向空间溢出且受同质性调节；主导效应存在门槛特征，核心区与外围区分化显著；三重约束抬升海洋门槛值于陆域之上，港口岸线约束居首。研究为海洋产业空间布局与差异化政策提供参考。
关键词：海洋经济主导 门槛效应 海洋空间约束 区域异质性 空间溢出
Spatial Constraints on Marine Economic Dominance and Regional Marine Economic Growth: Evidence from Seven Coastal Cities in Shandong Province
Yalin Dai
Abstract: The role of marine economic dominance in regional growth is pivotal for industrial layout optimization. This paper integrates three spatial constraints—port shoreline scarcity, marine spatial regulation, and R&D geographic lock-in—into the analytical framework. Based on panel data of seven coastal cities in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2023, the Spatial Durbin Model and threshold regression are employed for empirical testing. The findings indicate that marine economic dominance exerts a significant positive direct effect on local growth, while generating negative spatial spillovers to neighboring regions moderated by industrial homogeneity. The dominance effect exhibits threshold characteristics, with significant differentiation between core and peripheral areas. The triple constraints systemically elevate the marine threshold above the terrestrial level, with port shoreline scarcity being the most pronounced. This study provides references for marine industrial spatial layout and differentiated regional policies.
Keywords: Marine Economic Dominance Threshold Effect Marine Spatial Constraint Regional Heterogeneity Spatial Spillover
JEL Classification：R11 R32 R15