人工智能如何影响产业转型升级？——基于人力资本结构和供应链集成的视角
高健 陈泽
摘要：人工智能作为新质生产力发展的技术支撑和重要基石，其快速发展对于产业转型升级具有重要意义。本文利用2013—2022年沪深A股上市企业数据，从人力资本结构和供应链集成两个视角，探讨了人工智能对产业转型升级的影响。研究结果显示，人工智能对产业转型升级具有显著的促进作用，该结论在一系列内生性与稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验结果显示，人工智能通过优化人力资本结构和加强供应链集成渠道，促进了产业转型升级。融资约束、组织韧性和地区数字经济水平在人工智能推动产业转型升级中具有正向调节作用。异质性检验结果显示，人工智能对非国有企业、低产业链整合水平企业以及小规模企业的转型升级效果尤为显著；在东部地区、低产业链现代化水平地区和适度环境规制地区的企业中，人工智能的促进作用同样更为明显。本文研究结论为人工智能的应用实践和促进产业转型升级提供了借鉴意义。
关键词：人工智能 产业转型升级 人力资本 供应链集成
How Does Artificial Intelligence Impact Industrial Transformation and Upgrading?
——From the Perspective of Human Capital Structure and Supply Chain Integration
Jian Gao Ze Chen
Abstrat:The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is of great significance to industrial transformation and upgrading. Using the data of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2013 to 2022, this paper examines the impact of AI on industrial transformation and upgrading from the perspectives of human capital structure and supply chain integration at the enterprise level. The results show that AI has a positive impact on industrial transformation and upgrading, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests reveal that AI promotes industrial transformation and upgrading by optimizing human capital structure and enhancing supply chain integration. Additionally, financing constraints, organizational resilience, and regional digital economy levels all play a positive role in regulating the positive impact of AI on industrial transformation and upgrading. Further heterogeneity analysis finds that the role of AI in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises with low levels of industrial chain integration, and small-scale enterprises. It is also more apparent in enterprises located in eastern regions, regions with low levels of industrial chain modernization, and regions with moderate environmental regulations. This paper explores the impact and mechanism of AI on industrial transformation and upgrading at the micro level, and the research conclusions provide reference for promoting AI practices and strengthening industrial transformation and upgrading.
Keywords:Artificial intelligence Industrial transformation and upgrading Human capital Supply chain integration
JEL Classification: L60 D22 D24
我国推动产业链与创新链双链融合效果的空间差异与动力机制研究
王垒 李金泽 丁黎黎
摘要：推动产业链与创新链双链融合是畅通产业链国内循环和建设现代化产业体系的核心任务。立足双链动态融合演化视角，在系统梳理产业链与创新链双链融合政策历程与演化特征的基础上，科学界定产业链与创新链双链融合的理论内涵与核心特点，从“融合基础—融合动力—融合绩效”全过程，深入剖析我国产业链与创新链双链融合的时变趋势与动力机制。研究发现：我国产业链与创新链双链融合水平持续上升，总体处于协调型融合发展状态。全国三大区域双链融合水平呈现东中西梯度分布特征，其中，东部地区处于产业链与创新链滞后型融合发展状态，创新链支撑能力滞后于产业链发展需求，关键“卡脖子”技术困境制约产业链优化升级；中部地区处于产业链与创新链协调型融合发展状态，技术创新体系与产业链集群同向发力，互为支撑；西部地区处于产业链与创新链超前型融合发展状态，科技成果向现实生产力转化不畅，传统产业转型升级滞后，战略性新兴产业发展动力不足。全国产业链与创新链双链融合水平总体区域差异有所减小，但呈现“先下降—后上升”趋势，且三大区域间双链融合水平差异是导致全国总体差异的主要原因。研究成果为新时期推动产业链与创新链深度融合提供参考，为建设现代化产业体系提供路径支撑。
关键词：产业链 创新链 双链融合 融合指数 指标体系
Spatial Differences and Driving Mechanisms in the Effects of Promoting the Integration of Industrial Chain and Innovation Chain in China
Lei Wang Jinze Li Lili Ding
Abstract: Promoting the integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain is the core task of smoothing the domestic circulation of the industrial chain and building a modern industrial system. Based on the perspective of dynamic integration and evolution of the dual chains, the research scientifically defines the theoretical connotation and core characteristics of the integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain, and deeply analyzes the time-varying trend and dynamic mechanism of the integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain in China from the whole process of "integration foundation-integration power-integration performance". The research finds that the level of integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain in China continues to rise, and is generally in a coordinated state of integration development.The level of dual-chain integration in the three major regions of the country shows a gradient distribution pattern from east to west. In the eastern region, there is a lag in the integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain. The ability to support the innovation chain lags behind the development demands of the industrial chain. The key technological challenges restrict the optimization and upgrading of the industrial chain. In the central region, there is a coordinated integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain. The technological innovation system and industrial chain clusters exert mutual support. In the western region, there is an advanced integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces is not smooth, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries lag behind, and there is a lack of development impetus for strategic emerging industries. Furthermore, the overall regional difference in the level of integration of the dual chains in China has narrowed, but it shows a "first decline-then rise" trend, and the difference in the level of integration of the dual chains among the three major regions is the main reason for causing the overall difference in China. The research results provide reference for promoting deep integration between industrial chain and innovation chain in new era, and provide path support for building modern industrial system.
Keywords: Industrial chain Innovation chain Dual chain integration Ientegration index Index system
JEL Classification：L60 O25 R11
产业集聚、贸易开放与企业环境绩效——来自长三角城市群的证据
魏伟 曹姝敏
摘要：本文利用1998-2012长三角城市群的制造业企业微观数据，将产业集聚与出口层面的对外开放纳入统一的框架内，探究开放条件下产业集聚对企业环境绩效的影响效果和作用机制。我们的研究发现产业集聚和贸易开放均能够显著抑制企业二氧化硫的排放强度，贸易开放与产业集聚在改善企业环境绩效上表现出良好的互动效应，贸易开放能够强化产业集聚对于企业环境绩效的改善效应，相关结论具有很好的稳健性。贸易开放和产业集聚能更显著改善一定经济发展水平和沿海城市内的制造业企业环境表现，对于资本密集型和低污染行业内的企业环境表现作用更为明显。在作用机制方面，贸易开放通过减少污染物产生量来增强产业集聚的企业环境正效应，通过更清洁的生产技术和更多的治污设备，从源头上提高资源利用效率来减少污染物产生量，集聚与开放通过一系列外部效应使得行业内企业获得其他企业的技术溢出从而改善环境绩效。本文为开放条件下的产业集聚驱动企业环境绩效提升提供了重要的理论基础，为其它城市群经济绿色高质量发展提供了可参考的示范性路径。
关键词：产业集聚 贸易开放 长三角城市群 企业环境绩效
Industrial Agglomeration、Trade Openness and enterprises Environmental Performance
——Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster
Wei Wei Shuming Cao
Abstract: This paper uses micro data of manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 1998 to 2012, incorporates industrial agglomeration and openness at the export level into a unified framework, to explore the impact and mechanism of industrial agglomeration on the environmental performance of enterprises under open conditions. It is found that that both industrial agglomeration and openness can significantly inhibit the emission intensity of SO2 by enterprises. Openness and industrial agglomeration show a good interactive effect in improving enterprise environmental performance. Openness can strengthen the improvement effect of industrial agglomeration on the environmental performance of enterprises. The relevant conclusions possess excellent robustness. Openness and industrial agglomeration can more significantly improve the environmental performance of manufacturing enterprises within a certain level of economic development and in coastal cities. Their effects are more obvious for the environmental improvement of enterprises in capital intensive and low pollution industries. In terms of the mechanism, trade openness enhances the positive environmental effect of industrial agglomeration by reducing the amount of pollutants produced; cleaner production technology and more pollution control equipment improve resource utilization efficiency at the source to reduce the amount of pollutants produced; agglomeration and openness enable enterprises in the industry to obtain technology spillover from others through a series of external effects to improve environmental performance. This paper provides an important theoretical basis for the improvement of enterprise environmental performance driven by industrial agglomeration under open conditions, and provides a reference demonstration path for the green and high-quality economic development of other urban agglomerations.
Keywords: Industrial agglomeration Trade Openness Yangtze River Delta City Cluster Enterprise environmental performance
JEL Classification : Q51 F18
产业发展的伴生品：开发区的污染弱化效应研究
许建明 宋彦臻
摘要：污染是产业的伴生品，产业发展必然伴随污染，所以，关键的问题是如何平衡产业发展与污染二者的关系。与城市相比，乡村在降解污染能力的收益层面与污染损害的成本层面具有比较优势。本文通过将空间因素纳入新结构环境经济学的理论框架，分析了产业发展中的开发区对城乡要素禀赋及其比较优势的利用。研究发现：开发区具有污染弱化效应，开发区可以在促进城乡产业发展的同时，通过空间配置污染来最小化产业发展伴随的污染社会成本。本文实证分析了全国30个省的绿色全要素生产率和开发区面积之间关系，结果表明，开发区对绿色全要素生产率产生正面影响。鉴于东部开发区数量明显大于中部和西部，本文分别对东部、中部、西部进行异质性分析。
关键词：新结构环境经济学 冯·杜能的孤立国模型 产业发展 开发区 绿色全要素生产率
Accompanying Products of Industry Development: Research on the Pollution Weakening Effect of Development Zones
Jianming Xu Yanzhen Song
Abstract：Pollution is accompanying products of industry development, and industrial development inevitably accompanies pollution. Therefore, the key issue is how to balance the relationship between industrial development and pollution. Compared to cities, rural areas have comparative advantages in terms of the benefits of pollution degradation and the costs of pollution damage. This article analyzes the urban and rural factor endowments and comparative advantages in industrial development by incorporating spatial factors into the theoretical framework of new structural environmental economics. It is found that development zones have a pollution weakening effect, which can promote the development of urban and rural industries while minimizing the social cost of pollution associated with industrial development through spatial allocation of pollution.. This article empirically analyzes the relationship between green total factor productivity and development zone area in 30 provinces across the country, and the results show that development zones have a positive impact on green total factor productivity. Given that the total amount of development zones in the eastern region is significantly larger than that in the central and western regions, this article conducts heterogeneity analysis on the eastern, central, and western regions respectively.
Keywords: New Structural Environmental Economics von Thünen’s Isolation Country Model Industrial Development Development Zone Green Total Factor Productivity
JEL Classification： R11 Q56 Q58
自愿型环境规制何以影响重污染企业的环境绩效——基于ISO 14001认证持续性的视角
王玉璋 王凤荣
摘要：在全球环境问题日益突出的背景下，重污染企业的环境治理成为社会关注的焦点。ISO 14001作为一种自愿型环境规制，为企业提供了一个系统化的框架，以改善其环境管理实践和绩效。然而，ISO 14001认证对重污染企业的实际治理效果究竟如何，仍存在争议。本文以我国2009－2023年间的重污染企业为样本，探讨了ISO 14001认证对企业环境绩效的影响。研究结果表明，能够持续获得ISO 14001认证的重污染企业显著提高了其环境绩效，而仅能短期获得认证的重污染企业在环境绩效方面的提升效果不明显。进一步分析发现，只能在短期内获得认证的企业往往利用认证进行印象管理，以获取政府补贴等资源，而不进行实质性的环境治理。而持续获得认证的企业则倾向于实质性的环境治理，并推动绿色创新。在异质性检验中，研究表明，与非国有企业相比，ISO 14001认证对国有企业环境绩效的提升效果更为显著。此外，研究发现命令型环境规制与ISO 14001认证之间具有显著的交互作用，ISO 14001认证在环境治理方面是对命令型环境规制的有效补充。本研究不仅为重污染企业如何有效利用ISO 14001提供了实践指导，还为政策制定者在环境管理制度设计上提供了参考依据。
关键词：ISO 14001 自愿型环境规制 认证持续性 环境绩效
How Voluntary Environmental Regulation Affects the Environmental Performance of Highly Polluting Enterprises
——A Perspective Based on ISO 14001 Certification Sustainability
Yuzhang Wang Fengrong Wang
Abstract: In the context of increasingly prominent global environmental issues, the environmental management of highly polluting enterprises has become a focal point of societal concern. ISO 14001, as a form of voluntary environmental regulation, provides a systematic framework for improving environmental management practices and performance in enterprises. However, the actual effectiveness of ISO 14001 certification in managing highly polluting enterprises remains contentious. This study uses a sample of highly polluting enterprises in China from 2009 to 2023 to investigate the impact of ISO 14001 certification on corporate environmental performance. The findings indicate that enterprises that continuously maintain ISO 14001 certification significantly enhance their environmental performance, while those that only achieve short-term certification show less significant improvements. Further analysis reveals that enterprises with only short-term certification tend to engage in impression management to secure government subsidies and other resources without substantive environmental management. In contrast, enterprises with sustained certification are more likely to implement substantive environmental management and foster green innovation. Heterogeneity tests indicate that ISO 14001 certification has a more pronounced effect on the environmental performance of state-owned enterprises compared to non-state-owned enterprises. Additionally, the study finds significant interaction effects between mandatory environmental regulations and ISO 14001 certification, suggesting that ISO 14001 serves as an effective complement to mandatory environmental regulations. This research provides practical guidance for highly polluting enterprises on effectively utilizing ISO 14001 and offers valuable insights for policymakers in the design of environmental management systems.
Keywords: ISO 14001 Voluntary Environmental Regulation Certification Sustainability Environmental Performance
JEL Classification: L52 L21 M14 P28
共有数据隐私保护的规制现状、理论引入与实践进路
凌尧帆 杜放
摘要：数据保护诉求的增长与数据经济市场的繁荣均要求对数据隐私保护这一主题进行更为细化的讨论，作为实践中频繁出现且牵涉多重主体与利益的共有数据，针对其展开关于隐私保护的讨论具有现实与理论意义。就“共有数据”本身而言，其超越了传统的物权客体、兼具多元属性，且与共享数据存在一定的区别。就共有数据的共有权能而言，其也具有三重不同的内涵。目前来看，共有数据的隐私保护面临着多重的挑战，其具体呈现为私人与公共利益的冲突、共有人多重利益的冲突以及现有制度的适用性质疑。就此，可以类型与场景为理论基础展开分析并提出相应的实践方案，一方面，基于共有数据中的双层隐私价值、多类权利诉求以及多元规范交互进行类型化保护；另一方面，从基于信息自决的授权使用、基于匿名技术的数据处理以及基于数据客体的交易行为展开，进行场景化的保护。
关键词：共有数据 知情同意权 类型化研究 场景理论 隐私保护
The Regulation Status, Theoretical Introduction, and Practical Approaches to the Privacy Protection of Shared Data
Yaofan Ling Fang Du
Abstract: The growing demand for data protection and the prosperity of the data economy market necessitate a more detailed discussion on data privacy protection. Shared data, frequently encountered in practice and involving multiple subjects and interests, makes the discussion on its privacy protection of both practical and theoretical significance. As for “shared data” itself, it transcends traditional property rights objects, possesses diverse attributes, and differs from shared data in certain respects. In terms of the shared power of shared data, it also carries three distinct connotations. Currently, the privacy protection of shared data faces multiple challenges, including conflicts between private and public interests, conflicts of interests among co-owners, and doubts regarding the applicability of existing systems. To address this, an analysis can be conducted based on typology and scenarios as a theoretical foundation, and corresponding practical solutions can be proposed. On one hand, a typological protection approach can be applied, considering the dual privacy value of shared data, various rights claims, and the interaction of multiple norms. On the other hand, a scenario-based protection approach can be developed, focusing on consent-based authorized use, anonymized data processing, and transaction behavior based on data as an object.
Keywords: Shared Data; Informed Consent; Typological Research; Scenario Theory; Privacy Protection
JEL Classification: K24 O32 O33
从单一链条到平台枢纽：劳动密集型产业组织模式重塑研究——基于东莞D镇毛纺产业的考察
黄佳鹏
摘要：以毛纺产业为代表的中低端制造业面临制度运转、劳动用工与日常管理等生产成本激增困境，其根源在于传统生产组织模式表现为一种单一链条的线性特征，致使生产组织过程中的权力结构、资源配置与要素整合过于刚性化，无法实现降本增效目标，这构成了该产业生产组织模式重塑的内在需求。文章基于实地调研经验，从组织协作理论出发，发现毛纺产业已实现由单一链条的线性生产转向多主体协同的平台枢纽型生产。毛纺产业生产组织模式得以重塑的关键，在于该组织模式基于充分的劳动力市场竞争与深厚的老乡地缘与血缘关系网络，实现了灵活用工、管理责任转移与运营成本转化等提质增效目标。在该生产组织模式下，不同类型生产主体相互协作，重塑了整个产业的生产组织权威结构，既提升了各生产环节的资源配置效率，又高度契合劳动力群体的内生需求，从而优化了产业“成本-利润”结构，进一步激发了劳动密集型产业的市场活力。
关键词：产业组织 多主体协作 灵活用工 枢纽型平台
From single chain to platform hub: research on the reshaping of labor-intensive industrial organization mode
——Based on the investigation of the woolen industry in D Town
Jiapeng Huang
Abstract: The mid to low end manufacturing industry, represented by the wool textile industry, is facing the dilemma of a sharp increase iWWn production costs such as institutional operation, labor employment, and daily management. The root cause lies in the traditional production organization model, which is characterized by a single linear chain, resulting in overly rigid power structure, resource allocation, and factor integration in the production organization process, which cannot achieve the goal of cost reduction and efficiency improvement. This constitutes the inherent demand for reshaping the production organization model of this industry. Based on field research experience and starting from organizational collaboration theory, the article finds that the wool textile industry has shifted from linear production with a single chain to platform hub production with multi-party collaboration. The key to reshaping the production organization mode of the wool textile industry lies in the fact that this organizational mode is based on sufficient labor market competition and a deep network of geographical and blood relations among fellow villagers, achieving the goals of improving quality and efficiency such as flexible employment, transfer of management responsibilities, and conversion of operating costs. Under this production organization model, different types of production entities collaborate with each other, reshaping the authoritative structure of the entire industry's production organization. This not only improves the resource allocation efficiency of each production link, but also highly meets the endogenous needs of the labor force group, optimizing the industry's "cost-benefit" structure and further stimulating the market vitality of labor-intensive industries.
Keywords:Industrial Organization Ulti-agent Collaboration Flexible Employment Hub Platform
JEL Classification: O14 L60 J64