公共研发组织科技创新模式演化研究：动态能力视角
冷丽婧 郁培丽
摘 要：数字经济背景下，公共研发组织在产业创新中的作用尤其突出，其如何转变科技创新模式以实现有效的科技成果转化受到广泛关注。本文将动态能力引入公共研发组织环境，构建基于动态能力视角的公共研发组织科技创新模式演化研究框架。通过对国家重点实验室RAL的案例分析，本文发现，在产业发展的三个阶段，产业创新环境呈现出不同特点，公共研发组织分别基于感知能力、获取能力和转换能力进行战略性响应，并在此过程中实现科技创新模式演化。公共研发组织在产业创新中的作用也随之改变，分别发挥“创新开拓者”、“创新推动者”和“创新变革者”作用。
关键词：科技创新模式 公共研发组织 动态能力 产业创新环境 演化
Research on Scientific and Technological Innovation Mode Evolution of Public R&D Organization: Dynamic Capabilities Perspective
Lijing Leng Peili Yu
Abstract：Under the background of digital economy, the role of public R&D organization in industrial innovation is particularly prominent. How to transform the scientific and technological innovation mode of public R&D organization to achieve effective transformation of scientific and technological achievements has received widespread attention. This paper introduces dynamic capabilities into public R&D organization context, and constructs research framework for scientific and technological innovation mode evolution of public R&D organization from the perspective of dynamic capabilities. Through the case analysis of RAL, a State Key Laboratory, this paper finds that, in three stages of industrial development, the industrial innovation environment presents different characteristics, public R&D organization respectively based on sensing capabilities, seizing capabilities and transforming capabilities to achieve strategic response, ultimately leading to the evolution of their scientific and technological innovation mode. The role of public R&D organization in industrial innovation has also changed, respectively playing the roles of “innovation pioneer”, “innovation promoter” and “innovation reformer”.
Keywords: Scientific and technological innovation mode Public R&D organization Dynamic capabilities Industrial innovation environment Evolution
JEL Classifications: L31 O32 O36
商业模式、技术创新与知识产权保护
——模型构建与案例研究
房林 程佳怡
摘 要：知识产权保护一直是学界、业界和监管部门关注的重要议题，本文将纵向产品差异化模型与扎根理论相结合，探讨市场机制下知识产权保护的有效路径，研究结果显示：用户多归属比例会影响市场的竞争程度，任何类型的平台基于自身利润都有扩大用户多归属比例的动机，但多归属比例的上升会降低消费者福利，为此需要政府有效监管；正版长视频流媒体平台将内容创新与技术创新融合，提高平台的固定效用，可以抑制盗版平台的发展，甚至会使其退出市场。因此在知识产权保护方面需要有效市场和有为政府更好结合，以技术创新促进文化产业升级，从而由高速工业化转向高质量工业化，实现经济高质量发展具有重要的意义。
关键词：长视频流媒体 纵向差异化 知识产权保护 扎根理论
Business Models, Technological Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights Protection
—— Model Construction and Case Study
Lin Fang Jiayi Cheng
Abstract: Intellectual property protection has always been an important issue of concern to academia, industry and regulatory authorities, this paper combines vertical product differentiation model with grounded theory to explore the effective path of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection under the market mechanism. The results indicate that: the proportion of multi-homing users affects the degree of market competition, and any type of platforms have the motivation of expanding the proportion of multi-homing users based on their own profits, but the rise in the proportion of multi-homing users will reduce consumer welfare, so effective government regulation is needed. Legitimate long-form video streaming platforms integrate content innovation with technological innovation to improve the fixed utility, which can inhibit the development of unauthorized platforms and even cause them to withdraw from the market. Therefore, in terms of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, there is a need for a better combination of an effective market and a promising government, and it is important to promote the upgrading of the cultural industry with technological innovation, so as to shift from high-speed industrialization to high-quality industrialization and achieve high-quality economic development.
Keywords: Long-form Video Streaming Vertical Differentiation Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Protection Grounded Theory
JEL Classification：L15 L25 L51
迈向算法性竞争：竞争法益谱系的重构趋向与迭代逻辑
杨翔宇
摘 要：随着数据要素价值的不断挖掘与涌现，市场竞争的形态与秩序也发生着巨大的变化，以数据加算法为基础的平台经济正引起竞争法基本价值、规制进路以及规范构建的多方面变革。在“前算法性竞争时代”的传统自由市场中，竞争法益主要包括市场竞争秩序、经营者合法权益、消费者合法权益以及公共利益等多个范畴。相较于其他法域的法益来说，其发挥着衍生以及兜底功能，最终实现对市场秩序的整体规制效力。但在以平台经济为特点之一的数据市场竞争中，“算法性竞争格局”导致了竞争法益谱系的重构趋势。具体而言，从资源竞争到技术竞争的格局发展导致竞争法益环境基础的转变、从人际交互到人机交互的格局发展导致竞争法益主体关系的嬗变、从秩序保护到内容保护的格局发展导致竞争法益价值表达的改造。因此，面对平台经济算法性竞争的不断发展，应当基于竞争秩序的数字化与平台化的现实基础，积极回应市场利益多元化与分散化的诉求，从而实现对竞争法益谱系建构化与体系化的迭代更新。
关键词：竞争业态 平台经济 竞争法益 算法
Towards Algorithmic Competition: Tendencies of Reconstruction and Iterative Logic in the Genealogy of Competition Law Interests
Xiangyu Yang
Abstract: With the continuous excavation and emergence of the value of data elements, the form and order of market competition are also undergoing significant changes, and the platform economy based on data and algorithms is causing multiple changes in the fundamental value of the competition law, the regulatory approach, and the construction of norms. In the traditional free market of the “pre-algorithmic competition era,” competition law interests mainly include market competition order, operators’ legitimate rights and interests, consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, and public interests. Compared with the legal interests of other jurisdictions, it plays a derivative and underpinning function, ultimately realizing the overall regulatory effect on the market order. However, in the data market competition with platform economy as one of the characteristics, the “algorithmic competitive pattern” has led to a tendency to reconstruct the genealogy of competition law interests. Specifically, the development of the pattern from resource competition to technological competition has led to the transformation of the environmental basis of competition law interests, the development of the pattern from interpersonal interaction to human-computer interaction has led to the evolution of the subject relationship of competition law interests, and the development of the pattern from the protection of order to the protection of content has led to the modification of the expression of the value of competition law interests. Therefore, in the face of the continuous development of algorithmic competition in the platform economy, we should actively respond to the demand for diversification and decentralization of market interests based on a realistic basis of digitalization and platformization of competition order, to realize the iterative updating of the construction and systematization of the genealogy of competition law interests.
Keywords: Competitive Business Format; Platform Economy; Competition Law Interests; Algorithms
JEL Classification: K240 L410
产融合作与企业高质量发展——来自A股制造业上市公司的证据
逯进 刘强 苏妍
摘 要：制造业企业高质量发展是经济效率与环境绩效协调统一的新发展模式，其不仅是宏观经济高质量发展的重中之重，也是建设现代化经济体系与社会主义强国的关键支撑。基于2008—2021年中国制造业上市公司数据，构建产融合作试点政策的实验分析框架，实证检验了产融合作对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响强度及其作用机制，并进一步分析了产融合作对企业的环境治理效应。研究发现，产融合作可以显著提高企业全要素生产率水平，这一影响主要是通过增强企业创新实力、强化资本配置以及促进企业转型升级等途径实现；与此同时，产融合作对企业全要素生产率的推动效应对于非国有企业、小规模企业、高新技术企业、市场竞争程度低的企业、非劳动密集型企业以及处于成长期和成熟期的企业而言更加明显。进一步分析表明，在环境绩效方面，产融合作政策能够扩大企业绿色融资支持力度，提高企业环境治理表现，推动企业经济效益与环境绩效的协同共进，实现企业高质量发展。以上结论为如何持续深化产融合作、推动制造业高质量发展提供了重要的研究视角与政策启示。
关键词：产融合作 政策试点 全要素生产率 环境治理
Industry-Finance Cooperation and High-quality Development of Enterprises
——Evidence from A-share Manufacturing Listed Companies
Jin Lu Qiang Liu Yan Su
Abstract: The high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises is a new development model with the coordination and unity of economic efficiency and environmental performance. It is not only the top priority of high-quality macro-economic development, but also the key support for building a modern economic system and a powerful socialist country. Based on the data of Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2008 to 2021, an experimental analysis framework of industrial-financial cooperation pilot policy is constructed, and the influence intensity and mechanism of industrial-financial cooperation on total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises are empirically tested, and the environmental governance effect of industry-finance cooperation on enterprises is further analyzed. It is found that industry-finance cooperation can significantly improve the level of total factor productivity of enterprises, which is mainly achieved by strengthening the innovative strength of enterprises, strengthening capital allocation and promoting the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. At the same time, the promoting effect of industry-finance cooperation on enterprise total factor productivity is more obvious for non-state-owned enterprises, small-scale enterprises, high-tech enterprises, enterprises with low market competition, non-labor-intensive enterprises and enterprises in the stage of growth and maturity. Further analysis shows that in terms of environmental performance, industry-finance cooperation policy can expand enterprise green financing support, improve enterprise environmental governance performance, promote the coordination of enterprise economic benefits and environmental performance, and achieve high-quality development of enterprises. The conclusions above provide an important research perspective and policy inspiration for how to continuously deepen industry-finance cooperation and promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry.
Keywords: Industry-finance Cooperation Policy Pilot Total Factor Productivity Environmental Governance
JEL Classification: G21 D24
环保税、经济增长与治污减排
姜春海 闫振好 王敏
摘 要：环保税是治理污染排放的重要手段，环保税政策是否稳健有效是中国能否顺利推动生态文明建设的关键因素。本文构建了环保税的治污减排效应模型，研究发现，环保税对二氧化硫排放的抑制作用随经济增速提高呈现出“显著抑制-抑制作用减弱-抑制作用不显著”的非线性变化特征，对应的经济增速门槛值分别为3.7%和13.3%。降低化石能源消费占比、提高企业平均废气治理设施数量、促进技术研发活动和优化地区产业结构是环保税抑制二氧化硫排放的实现路径。环保税对降低煤炭消费占比、提高企业平均废气治理设施数量、促进技术研发活动、以及对地区产业结构优化作用的减弱，是环保税的二氧化硫减排效应随经济增速提高呈现非线性特征的原因。市场利润水平快速增长显著抑制了环保税的二氧化硫减排作用，是环保税随经济增速提高对二氧化硫减排作用不断下降的重要调节机制。本文有助于客观认识环保税在不同经济增速阶段下治污减排效应的变化情况，对中国建立动态化环保税体系，更好发挥环保税政策的治污减排作用有显著的政策启示意义。
关键词：污染治理 环境规制 门槛效应
Environmental Protection Tax, Economic Growth and Control Pollution Emission
Chunhai Jiang Zhenhao Yan Min Wang
Abstract: Environmental protection tax is an important tool for controlling pollution emissions, and the effectiveness and stability of environmental protection tax policies are crucial factors for China's successful promotion of ecological civilization construction. This paper constructs a model to assess the pollution reduction effect of environmental protection tax and finds that the inhibitory effect of environmental protection tax on sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions exhibits a non-linear pattern of "significant inhibition - weakening inhibition - insignificant inhibition" as the economic growth rate increases. The corresponding economic growth rate thresholds are 3.7% and 13.3% respectively. Reducing the proportion of fossil fuel consumption, increasing the number of average waste gas treatment facilities in enterprises, promoting technological research and development activities, and optimizing regional industrial structure are the pathways for environmental protection tax to inhibit SO2 emissions. The weakening effect of environmental taxation on reducing the proportion of coal consumption, promoting the average number of waste gas treatment facilities and research and development activities in enterprises, as well as its impact on the optimization of regional industrial structure, is the reason behind the non-linear characteristics of sulfur dioxide emissions reduction resulting from environmental taxation with the increase in economic growth rate. The rapid growth of market profit levels significantly inhibits the effectiveness of environmental protection tax in reducing SO2 emissions, and it serves as an important regulatory mechanism that causes the diminishing effect of environmental protection tax on SO2 emission reduction with increasing economic growth rate. This paper contributes to an objective understanding of the variations in pollution reduction effects of environmental protection tax at different stages of economic growth, and provides significant policy implications for establishing a dynamic environmental protection tax system in China and maximizing the pollution reduction effectiveness of environmental protection tax policies.
Key Words: Pollution Control Environmental Regulation Threshold Effect
JEL Classification: H23 P28 Q58
高管断裂带、股权制衡度与跨国高科技企业创新
——基于不同子组结构的视角
刘烨 周怡辰
摘 要：2023年12月15日，东方甄选的团队内部斗争造成东方甄选市值蒸发约70亿港币。由此可见，团队的良好运作对企业向好发展起着不可或缺的作用，高管团队作为企业重要组成部分，把握着企业创新、改革方向，对企业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以2012-2022年我国跨国高科技上市企业为研究样本，研究不同类型高管断裂带与企业创新之间的关联。研究结果表明：社会相关类型断裂带与企业创新之间为负相关关系；任期相关类型断裂带与企业创新之间为正相关关系。同时发现股权结构以及子组结构对断裂带与创新起着一定的调节作用。本文通过对不同类型的断裂带对企业创新绩效的影响研究帮助企业在日后可以有目的对高管团队成员进行挑选和挖掘，从而使企业创新绩效达到最优解，同时通过对调节变量子组结构的研究探究股权结构对不同种类断裂带与子组结构的调节作用，帮助企业通过利用子组结构的调整实现断裂带与企业创新绩效作用机制程度的变化。
关键词：跨国高科技企业创新 断裂带 股权均衡 子组均衡 子组数量
Executive Fracture Zone, Equity Balance Degree and Innovation of Multinational High-Tech Enterprises
Ye Liu Yichen Zhou
Abstract: On December 15, 2023, the internal struggle of the Eastern Selection team caused the market value of Eastern Selection to evaporate about HK $7 billion. It can be seen that the good operation of the team plays an indispensable role in the good development of the enterprise. As an important part of the enterprise, the senior management team holds the direction of enterprise innovation and reform, which is of great significance for the high-quality development of the enterprise. This paper takes Chinese multinational high-tech listed enterprises from 2012 to 2022 as research samples to study the relationship between different types of executive fault zones and enterprise innovation. The results show that there is a negative correlation between socially related fault zones and enterprise innovation. There is a positive correlation between tenure-related types of fault zones and enterprise innovation. At the same time, it is found that the ownership structure and subgroup structure play a certain role in regulating the fault zone and innovation. By studying the impact of different types of fault zones on the innovation performance of enterprises, this paper helps enterprises to select and excavate the members of the senior management team with a purpose in the future, so as to achieve the optimal solution of the innovation performance of enterprises. At the same time, by studying the regulatory variable group structure, this paper explores the regulatory effect of equity structure on different types of fault zones and sub-group structures. Help enterprises to realize the change of the degree of action mechanism between fault zone and enterprise innovation performance through the adjustment of subgroup structure.
Keywords:Multinational High-tech Enterprises Faultlines Enterprise Innovation Equity Equilibrium Subgroup Equilibrium
JEL Classification: F270.3 F270.7
中国高技术产业创新链的动力机制系统建模与仿真
梁树广 冯倩倩 谢冉冉
摘 要：高技术产业创新链是由多种驱动要素和多个环节相互衔接配合，通过非线性迭加演进形成的复杂动态系统，由此决定了创新链所需动力要素的多样性和复杂性。基于系统动力学理论，将高技术产业创新链划分为创新资源整合、技术创新、科技成果转化与产业化三个子系统，探究其系统特征及动力机制，并利用2011-2022年中国高技术产业统计数据，构建高技术产业创新链的因果关系流图和模型方程，通过检验和模拟仿真分析高技术产业创新链的阶段性特征及演化规律。研究发现，高技术产业创新链系统内部各要素各环节紧密联系、互相渗透，通过创新资源整合、技术创新、成果转化与产业化等路径为高技术产业发展提供长久持续动力。科技金融对高技术产业创新链的运转具有促进作用，其中提高财政支出中科技支出比例对高技术产业创新链的影响更显著。由此，为科学推进高技术产业创新链的有效运转，从科技创新要素整合力、科技金融和产学研合作三个方面提出建议。
关键词：高技术产业 创新链 动力机制 系统动力学
Modeling and Simulation of the Dynamic Mechanism System of Innovation Chain in China's High-tech Industry
Shuguang Liang Qianqian Feng Ranran Xie
Abstract: The innovation chain of high-tech industry is a complex dynamic system formed by a variety of driving factors and links connecting with each other through nonlinear superposition, which determines the diversity and complexity of the driving factors required by the innovation chain. Based on the system dynamics theory, this paper divides the innovation chain of high-tech industry into three subsystems: innovation resource integration, technological innovation, transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, explores its system characteristics and dynamic mechanism, and uses the statistical data of China's high-tech industry from 2011 to 2022 to construct the causal relationship flow diagram and model equation of high-tech industry innovation chain. This paper analyzes the stage characteristics and evolution rules of high-tech industry innovation chain through inspection and simulation. It is found that all elements and links in the innovation chain system of high-tech industry are closely connected and permeated with each other, providing long-term and sustainable power for the development of high-tech industry through the integration of innovation resources, technological innovation, achievement transformation and industrialization. Science and technology finance can promote the operation of the innovation chain of high-tech industry, and increasing the proportion of science and technology expenditure in fiscal expenditure has a more significant impact on the innovation chain of high-tech industry. Therefore, in order to scientifically promote the effective operation of the innovation chain of high-tech industry, this paper puts forward some suggestions from three aspects: the integration force of scientific and technological innovation elements, science and technology finance, and industry-university-research cooperation.
Keywords: High-tech Industry Innovation Chain Dynamic Mechanism Dynamics of the System
JEL Classification: L60 C63