基于时空经济视角的城市出行服务体系研究
王学成 荣朝和
摘 要：交通供需的经济性研究应重视普遍存在的一般时空与个体特定时空之间的冲突。使用完整出行链条基础上的时空冗余分析能够更好地认识个体出行方式的选择机制。城市交通应该是公共交通、准公共交通、准私人交通和私人交通相互协调发展的系统。当前管理体系中鼓励公交出行并管控私人交通的对立做法，造成中间过渡阶段的缺失。应充分利用私人供给准公共交通的优势，构建完善的城市出行服务体系，提高城市交通的时空运行效率。
关键词：城市交通 出行服务 准公共交通 时空分析
Research on Urban Transport Service System based on
Space-time Economic Perspectives
Xuecheng Wang Chaohe Rong
Abstract: Conflicts between general transport space-time and special transport space-time in urban travel service system are common phenomenon. Space-time redundancy analysis based on the complete travel chain is an important criterion for evaluating the transport space-time efficiency. Urban travel service system can be divided into private transportation, quasi-private transportation, quasi-public transportation and public transportation based on resource providers’ features and clients’ features. Most cities in China encourage public travel, restrain private transport, at the same time neglect the quasi-public transportation, which made the space-time redundancy haven't improved. A large number of personalized travels not satisfied by current system, therefore, the private transport expanded and unofficial taxies overflowed. City traffic managers and policy-makers should pay more attention to the important role of quasi-public in urban transport system, play the role of Internet travel service platform and Create better urban travel service system.
Keywords: Urban Transportation Travel Services Space-time Analysis Quasi-public Transportation
JEL Classification: L91 L98 H40
开放经济、民营化与煤电产业税费制度安排
时如义 吉生保 王晓珍 聂锐
摘 要：通过构建一个“政府—煤电产业—出口产业”三阶段动态博弈模型，本文考察经济开放程度如何经由（下游）出口产业影响（上游）煤电产业的民营化选择和政府对煤电产业的税费制度安排。研究发现：第一，出于社会福利最大化考虑的政府在多数情况下会选择征税制度安排，而收费制度安排只可能在本国向外国出口水平适中、且外国向本国出口水平较低的时候出现；第二，煤电产业出于自身利润考虑的理想税费制度安排与政府基于社会福利最大化考虑的最优税费制度安排很可能是不一致的；第三，如果外国向本国出口偏低而本国向外国出口水平适中或者较高，在博弈均衡结果中消费者剩余会下降；第四，如果本国向外国出口水平居中、外国向本国出口水平偏低，或者本国向外国出口水平偏低（或者偏高）、外国向本国出口水平居中以上，在博弈均衡结果中煤电产业都可能选择过民营化战略；第五，无论政府选择征税制度安排还是收费制度安排，政府在博弈均衡中都处在一种支出状态，表明政府对煤电产业实际上处于补贴状态。
关键词：开放经济 民营化 煤电产业 税费制度安排
Open Economy, Privatization and Tax-fee Arrangements of Coal-electricity Industry
Ruyi Shi Shengbao Ji Xiaozhen Wang Rui Nie
Abstract: Constructing a "government- coal-electricity industry- export industry" three-stage dynamic game model， the paper examines how economic openness， via the （downstream） export industry， affects the privatization choice and tax-fee arrangements of the （upstream） coal-electricity industry. The study found that: First， as social welfare maximizer， government in most cases will choose tax arrangement， and fee arrangement is only possible under circumstance with moderate export levels and lower import levels; Second， the ideal tax-fee arrangements of coal-electricity industry as their own profit maximizer is likely to be inconsistent with those that based on government as social welfare maximizer; Third， with the condition of low export levels and moderate/high import levels， consumer surplus in the equilibrium will decline; Fourth， with moderate export levels and low import levels， or high/low export levels， coal-electricity industry may choose privatization strategy in the equilibrium; Fifth， regardless of the government tax-fee arrangements choice， the government is in a state of expenditure in the equilibrium， and coal-electricity industry is actually got the subsidy.
Keywords: Open Economy Privatization Coal-Electricity Industry Tax-Fee Arrangements
JEL Classification: C7 H2 H32 L5 Q38 Q48
城市地价、产业转移与结构升级
陈浩 汪敏
摘 要：本文分析了城市地价对区域内产业结构和区域间产业转移的影响，并采用空间计量模型对2003－2013年，我国281个地级市的数据进行实证检验。理论和实证结果表明：（1）土地价格上涨，对于本地区第二产业具有挤出效应，对本地区第三产业发展具有促进作用，从而有利于产业结构升级；（2）被高地价挤出的第二产业在区域之间发生转移，从土地价格较高的地区转移至土地价格较低的地区，从而促进土地价格较低地区第二产业的发展，因此不利于这些地区的产业结构升级；（3）本地区土地价格上涨仅对200公里至700公里以内低地价地区的产业结构产生影响，其他地区则不受影响。
关键词：土地价格 产业转移 产业升级
Land Price，Industrial Transfer and Structural Upgrading
Hao Chen Min Wang
Abstract: This paper constructs a theoretical model to analysis the effect of urban land price on industrial structure within cities and the industry transfer between cities, and uses spatial panel data models to test the data of 281 cities from 2003 to 2013. Theoretical and empirical results show that: 1, high land price crowds out the second industry of local cities ,but is conducive to the regional development of the third industry and the upgrading of the industrial structure; 2, the second industry crowded out by high land price are transferred from areas of high land price to the areas of low land price, thereby promoting the secondary industry of the areas of low land price , but is not conducive to the industrial structure upgrading; 3, the effect of land prices on the industrial structure of the low land price areas is only significant between 200 and 700 kilometers.
Keywords: Land Price Industrial Transfer Industrial Upgrading
JEL Classification: C31 R52
零售商通道费的福利研究
——基于时间序列和面板数据的实证分析
王 庚 黄雨婷
摘 要：零售通道费福利效应问题，仍是一个未解的理论难题。本文以通道费相关商品的零售价格指数和生产商利润率为研究对象，首次实证地评估了通道费的普及对价格水平和生产商利润的影响。本文的研究结论指出：在商品价格方面，排除或分离出通货膨胀和原材料价格上涨对价格水平的影响后，通道费的普及仍提高了相关商品的价格水平；厂商利润方面，在通道费普及后，受其影响的生产商利润率显著下降，而同期不受通道费影响的生产商利润率只有小幅下降。由此可见，通道费降低了生产商利润，提高了价格水平，损害了消费者福利。本文的研究结论对政府部门的相关政策制定和监管工作具有一定借鉴意义。
关键词：通道费 福利效应 下游产品价格
The Welfare Effect of Slotting Allowances: An Empirical Research Based on Time Series and Panel Date
Geng Wang Yuting Huang
Abstract：The welfare effect of slotting allowances is still an unsolved theoretical problem. By taking retail price index and producers’ profit rates as indicators, this study respectively estimates the effect of slotting allowances on price and manufacturers’ profit. The results show that, after the springing of slotting allowances in China, the price of relevant commodities keeps rising even if inflation effect and raw materials cost factors are excluded. Besides, the profit rates of corresponding producers declined significantly after the popularization of slotting allowances, while the profit rates of producers which are irrelevant to slotting allowances declined less. Therefore, the welfare effect of slotting allowances is negative. The results have certain reference for government’s policy making.
Keywords：Slotting Allowances Welfare Effect Downstream Product Price
JEL Classification: C33 M21
生态文明视角下产业结构演进的效应、路径与展望：一个综述
陈维宣 吕明元
摘 要：产业结构生态化是随着对生态环境问题的重视而逐渐兴起的一个新兴的研究领域。本文系统梳理了国内外相关的前沿文献，总结了生态文明视角下产业结构演进的生态环境效应、节能效应、演进路径与支持机制等方面的研究进展，并概括了生态型产业结构和产业结构生态化的概念，为该领域的后续研究提供一定的参考。通过文献梳理可以发现，基于生态文明的产业结构演进研究仍存在较多具有争议性的问题，尚未形成广泛认可的理论框架，但是生态文明视角下的产业结构演进仍有一定的路径可循，并可以充分利用生态补偿与金融创新等支持机制来促进产业结构生态化进程。因此，未来的探索应当深入推进诸如定量测度产业结构生态化进程及其影响因素，区域与国别比较，以及产业选择政策等关键领域的研究。
关键词：生态文明 生态型产业结构 产业结构生态化 演进路径
The Effect, Path and Prospect of Industrial Structure Evolution under the Perspective of Ecological Civilization: A Literature Review
Weixuan Chen Mingyuan Lv
Abstract: Industrial structure ecology evolution is an emerging research field gradually rising with the emphasis on ecological environmental issues. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign relevant frontier literatures, summarizes the research progress of ecological environmental effect, energy-saving effect, evolution path and supporting mechanism of industrial structure evolution under the perspective of ecological civilization, and summarizes the connotation of ecotype industrial structure and industry structure ecology, in order to provide certain reference for the following research. Through the literature review we can find that there are still many controversial problems of industrial structure evolution under the perspective of ecological civilization and it does not form a widely recognized theoretical framework, even though there still have certain evolution paths to follow of industrial structure evolution under the perspective of ecological civilization and can make full use of the support mechanism of ecological compensation and financial innovation to promote the process of industrial structure ecology. Therefore, the future exploration should further promote the investigation of some key areas, such as quantitative measurement of industrial structure ecology process and its influencing factors, the study of regional or country comparison, as well as the industrial choice policies.
Keywords: Ecological Civilization Ecotype Industrial Structure Industrial Structure Ecology Evolution Path
JEL Classification: Q56 P28 O13
贸易保护政治经济学的实证研究综述
白洁
摘 要：从20世纪60、70年代开始,贸易保护政治经济学就受到经济学家的广泛关注。特别是在全球经济危机爆发，贸易保护主义重新抬头的近些年来，逐渐成为国际IPE领域的研究热点。贸易保护政治经济学可以分为利益集团模型和中点选民模型两大类。本文从国际动态和国内动态两方面出发，对贸易保护政治经济学实证研究的最新成果进行了梳理和总结。结果表明：进口渗透率、进口需求弹性、产品替代率、劳动力流动性、企业规模、上下游生产者的博弈等微观因素；产业是否存在组织、工会力量的大小、产业特征等中观因素；社会福利、区域特征、要素禀赋、收入不平等程度等宏观因素；政治捐献、政治商业周期、国家性质等政治因素对贸易保护政策的决策过程产生重要影响。在此基础上，对文献进行了评价，并指出今后的研究方向。
关键词：贸易保护 利益集团模型 中点投票模型
An Empirical Study Review on the Political Economics of Trade Protection
Jie Bai
Abstract: Political economics of trade protection has attracted great attention since 1960s. With the appearance of global economic crisis and trade protectionism at present,political economics of trade protection became a hot spot in the research field on international political economics. Political economics of trade protection can be divided into two parts, that is interest group model and median-voter model. From the perspectives of international and domestic view,this paper makes a profile and conclusion on the empirical analysis on political economics of trade protection delivered among these ten years. The research result indicates that there are four kinds of factors which make an influence on the determination process of trade protection policy. These four kinds of factors are as follows: The first kind is the factors based on micro-level,including import penetration rate, import demand elasticity, rate of product substitution,labor mobility, the scale of company, the game between up-stream and down-stream companies etc. The second kind includes the existence of labor union, the strength of labor union,industry characteristics etc, which are base on intermediate level. The third kind is the factors based on macro-level, which includes social welfare,regional characteristics, resource endowment and income inequality. The forth kind is based on political level, which includes political contribution,political business cycle and characteristic of states. Finally, this paper makes an review on the related literature and puts forward the research direction in the future.
Keywords: Trade Protection Interest Group Model Median-Voter Model
JEL Classification: F13 D72
中国专业市场技术效率及其影响因素与生产率增长
黄训江
摘 要：基于2000-2012年省际专业市场面板数据，利用随机前沿分析方法对我国30个省区专业市场的生产率增长、技术效率及其影响因素等进行了研究，研究表明：（1）我国专业市场技术效率水平较低，且表现为区域发展不平衡；（2）专业市场技术效率受诸多要素影响，经济基础、人口规模、人力资本、开放度及研发投入等因素对技术效率具有正向影响作用，产业结构、企业规模及产业支持度则对技术效率具有负向影响作用；（3）我国专业市场生产率增长受规模报酬收益的变化主导，虽然技术进步及技术效率变化率正向推动了生产率的增长，但由于规模报酬收益的负向影响作用，研究年度区间内生产率总体仍表现为负增长。
关键词：专业市场 技术效率 生产率增长 影响因素
Research on Productivity Growth, Technical Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors of Chinese Specialized Market
Xunjiang Huang
Abstract: Based on the stochastic frontier approach and the provincial panel data from 2006~2012, the specialized market productivity growth, technical efficiency and its influencing factors of 30 provinces in China were analyzed. The main findings were as follows: (1) the technical efficiency of specialized market in China was low and imbalanced of regitional development; (2) the technical efficiency of specialized market was influenced by many factors. Thereinto the economic base, population scale, human capital, openness, and R&D investment had positive effects on the technical efficiency. The industrial structure, firm scale and industrial supportivity had negative effects on it; (3) the productivity growth of specialized market was mainly dominated by the variant of returns to scale. The productivity growth remained negative in the researched time interval because of nagetive effect of returns to scale althought the effects of technological progress and variant of technical efficiency were positive.
Key words: Specialized Market Technical Efficiency Productivity Growth Influence Factor
JEL Classfication: O47 L81 M21 D23
波特理论研究动态：理论进展与中国实践
王海 尹俊雅
摘 要：环境治理已经成为中国转型与改革过程中无法回避的重要问题，如何实现“既要金山银山，也要绿水青山”，达成环境与经济发展的双赢仍有待于进一步研究。为此，本文对波特理论的相应观点和后续理论发展进行梳理，综合评述我国已有研究中的特点与不足，并给出下一步的拓展方向。科学地评估环境规制与企业创新间的关系，不仅有利于环境政策的完善实施，还能为我国下一步经济改革提供政策建议。
关键词：波特理论 环境规制 企业创新
The Development of Porter Hypothesis: Theoretical Progress and Chinese Practice
Hai Wang Junya Yin
Abstract: Environmental governance has become an unavoidable problem in the process of transformation and reform of China. How to achieve "not only Jinshan Yinshan, but also Qingshuiqingshan" to reach a win-win situation of the environmental and economic development, still need to be supported by research. To this end, this paper combs the corresponding viewpoints of Porter effect and the development of follow-up theory, summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing research in China , gives the next direction of further development at same time. Scientifically evaluation the relationship between environmental regulation and enterprise innovation will not only conducive to the sound implementation of environmental policies, but also provide policy recommendations for China's economic reform of the next step.
Keywords: Porter Hypothesis Environmental Regulation Enterprise Innovation
JEL Classification:Q51 Q55 R38
书评：《产业最优需求测度与生产过剩预警调控：基理构建与钢铁、水泥产业的实证》
李海舰