双边市场的概念辨析及判定依据:一个综述
占佳 张昕竹
摘 要:理论界对“双边市场”概念研究的匮乏是导致“双边市场”存在误用和滥用的倾向并引发一系列反垄断分析问题的重要原因,因此需要在全面梳理双边市场概念、特征的基础上总结其判定依据,以正本清源。尽管学界对双边市场的概念莫衷一是,但其本质特征是需解决鸡蛋相生问题、交叉网络外部性和价格结构非中立性。因此,存在交叉网络外部性、科斯定理失效及价格结构的非中立性是判定双边市场的主要依据。在具体判定过程中,应采用定性与定量相结合的方法,重点考察平台两边用户间交叉网络外部性的存在性及其重要性以及它们之间是否存在转移。
关键词:双边市场交叉网络外部性 价格结构 判定依据
The Concept Discrimination and Rules of Judgment of Two-sided Market:
A Review
Jia Zhan Xinzhu Zhang
Abstract: The lack of theoretical research on the concept of “two-sided market” is an important reason to lead to the abuse and misuse of the “two-sided market” and lead to a series of antitrust analysis problems. It is necessary to review and summarize the concept, characteristic, and judgments of two-sided market. Although the academics hold different ideas of the concept of two-sided market, there is a consensus on the key characteristics of two-sided market, namely: have to deal with the “chicken-egg” problem, inter-group externalities and non- neutral price structure. Therefore, there are inter-group externalities, failure of Coase Theorem and non- neutral price structure is key rules for judging it. In practice, one combining use of qualitative and quantitative analysis should be took out, and more attentions should be paid on investigate the existence and the importance of the inter-group externalities and whether there is pass-through.
Keywords: Two-sided Market Inter-group Externality Price Structure Rules of Judgment
JEL Classification: D42 L16 L43
中国产业转型升级的倒逼机制---市场还是政府
吕玉霞 魏建 侯麟科
摘 要:根据中国经济粗放增长的这一基本事实,利用地市级面板数据,本研究从实证角度检验劳动力成本、环境和土地约束是否形成了对产业转型升级的倒逼机制。研究发现,主要依靠市场力量发挥作用的劳动力成本不仅对工业增长存在抑制效应,而且对第三产业促进效应;然而,很大程度上依赖政府发生作用的环境和土地约束,却并未对产业转型形成有效的倒逼机制。根据这一研究,我们认为提高现代化治理能力和治理水平,硬化产业发展的环境和土地约束是产业转型升级的关键环节。
关键词:产业转型升级倒逼机制劳动力成本环境约束土地约束
Is the Anti-driving Mechanism to Industry Transformation and Upgrading Formulated: Market or Government?
Yuxia Lv Jian Wei Linke Hou
Abstract: Based on the fact that Chinese followed a mode of extensive growth during the past decades, we empirically test if the labor cost, as well as environmental and land constraint have created anti-driving mechanism to industry transformation and upgrading. Investigations into these complex phenomena reveals that cost hike of labor, which relies on market force, can inhibit growth rate of industry sector and stipulate the growth rate of tertiary industry, while the environmental and land constraint, depending on functions of government, did not effectively affect both industries. We come to the conclusion that enhancement of state capacity and level of governance and implementation of the role of government in market economy, which consequently harden the resource constraint such as environment and land, eventually induce structural transformation of industries in China.
Keywords: Structural Transformation of Industries Anti-driving Mechanism Labor Cost Environmental Constraint Land Constraint
JEL Classification: E23 O14 O25
进口国关税、技术授权与社会福利
綦勇 侯泽敏 陆蕾 向涛
摘 要:本文借助一个外国企业与进口国企业进行Stackelberg竞争的模型,分析进口国关税和技术创新对外国企业降低成本的技术授权及进口国社会福利的影响,提出进口国政府应将授权限制在对外国企业和进口国社会福利均有利的合理区域。研究表明:技术创新程度较低且关税水平较低时,技术授权可以实现企业目标与社会目标的一致;高关税有利于进口国企业的市场竞争,但技术授权会损害社会福利,此时盲目引进过于先进的技术反而会损害进口国的社会福利。
关键词:进口国关税技术授权 Stackelberg竞争
Import Taxes, Licensing and Social Welfare
Yong Qi ZeminHou Lei Lu Tao Xiang
Abstract:This paper develops a model that a foreign enterprise competes in Stackelberg with an importer, analyzing the effect on the choice of licensing modes and social welfare of import taxes. The research shows that importing country should limit the licensing in a profitable area specifically. When the innovation size and import taxes are low, licensing would realize the goals of foreign enterprise’s profit and importing country’s social welfare. High taxes are benefit to market competition while harming the social welfare. Under this condition, innovation introduction blindly should be forbidden.
Keywords:Import Tax Technology Licensing Stackelberg Competition
JEL Classification:D43 D45 F12
金融中介、金融集聚与区域经济增长
--基于广东省16个城市的面板数据
陈向阳
摘 要:经济增长和收入在珠三角与东西两翼、北部地区的分布不平衡是广东省区域经济发展一个突出特征。那么造成这种不平衡的原因在哪里?本文运用生产要素集聚的理论模型和数据对广东省金融中介、金融集聚与区域经济增长的不平衡进行了理论分析和实证上的探讨。得出的结论是:为了追求利益最大化,省内银行资本和FDI向珠三角地区集聚是造成广东省经济增长与收入空间分布不平衡的主要原因之一。这也从一个侧面反映了资本在中国的流动仍然是以从经济落后地区或国外向经济发达的东部地区集聚为主,这种金融发展的不平衡成为中国区域经济发展不平衡的一种主要源动力。
关键词:金融中介 金融集聚 区域经济增长 收入分布
Financial Intermediary, Financial Assemble and Regional Economic Growth: Based On the Panel Data of 16 Cities in Guangdong Province
Xiangyang Chen
Abstract:Economic growth and income distribution in the East and the west, the South and the north of imbalance is a prominent feature of the development of regional economy in Guangdong province. The reason for this imbalance in where? In this paper, using the theoretical model and panel data we have inquired into the relation of Guangdong Province financial intermediary, financial assemble and imbalance of regional economic growth. The conclusion is: in order to pursue the benefit maximization, the agglomeration of the bank capital and FDI to the Pearl River Delta region is the main reason for imbalance of Guangdong Province economic growth and income distribution. This is also reflected from one aspect. The capital flow in China is still assembled from backward areas or foreign to the economically developed eastern region. This disequilibrium of the financial development is major source of the imbalance of regional economic development in China.
Keywords: Financial intermediary Financial assemble Regional economic growth Income distribution
JEL Classification:L22 O12 016
贸易政策限制程度的数量测度方法研究述评
刘庆林 段晓宇 汪明珠
摘 要:随着世界经济一体化的深入发展,贸易政策的限制程度逐渐成为各国关注的焦点。本文在介绍和评价贸易政策限制程度的传统度量方法的基础上,重点阐述测度贸易政策限制程度的新方法——ANF贸易限制指数理论方法。首先分别从Anderson & Neary的一般均衡的角度、Feenstra的局部均衡的角度,对贸易限制指数理论进行了归纳总结,分别介绍了测度关税政策、非关税壁垒政策以及国内支持政策限制程度的贸易限制指数理论。其次,本文梳理了贸易限制指数理论研究的最新进展,后来的学者们对贸易限制指数理论从改变模型中的函数、放松模型的假设条件、检验模型的稳健性以及应用贸易限制指数等方面进行了理论扩展和实证应用。最后,本文在对相关领域的国外文献进行总结、评价的基础上,提出了未来研究的方向。
关键词:贸易限制指数 关税政策 非关税壁垒政策 国内支持政策
Literature Review of the Measurement of Trade Policy Restrictiveness
Qinglin Liu Xiaoyu Duan Mingzhu Wang
Abstract: With the integration of the world economy, the measurement of the trade policy has gradually become the focus of every country. On the basis of introducing and evaluating the traditional measuring methods of trade policies, the paper focuses on the new method of measuring the restrictiveness of trade policy which is named the method of ANF trade restriction index. Firstly, from the perspective of the general equilibrium of Neary & Feenstra, and the local equilibrium of Anderson, the theory of the trade restrictiveness index is summarized in this paper. And then the measurement of the degree of trade restrictiveness is introduced. Secondly, this paper summarizes the latest progress of the research on the theory of the trade policy restrictiveness, and the theoretical expansion and empirical application of the theory by changing the function of the model, the assumption, the robustness of the model and the application of the trade restriction index later on. Finally, this paper reviews the foreign literature in the related fields, and gives the corresponding recommendation for the future research.
Keywords: Trade Restrictiveness Indices Tariff Policy Non-tariff Policy Domestic Support Policies
JEL Classification: F13 O24
县域城镇化能否缩小城乡居民收入差距?
---来自山东省临沂市9个县的证据
张军涛 张英杰
摘 要:城镇化滞后和城乡收入差距扩大是中国当前面临的两大挑战。党的十八届三中全会通过了走新型城镇化道路的重大战略决策,而在新型城镇化进程中,县域城镇化扮演着重要角色,并且对县域城乡收入差距的演变产生重要影响。本文基于2001~2013年山东省临沂市9个县的年度平衡面板数据,利用动态面板固定效应变截距模型和广义矩估计方法,实证分析了县域城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响效应。结果表明,在样本观测期内,县域城镇化的推进在统计意义上显著地扩大了城乡收入差距。并据此提出加快发展县域的服务业、加强县域农村的基础教育和农民的职业培训等政策建议,旨在缩小临沂市城乡收入差距,推动其区域经济协调发展。
关键词:县域城镇化 城乡收入差距 县域经济
Can Prefectural Urbanization Narrow Urban-rural Income Gap?
------From Evidence of 9 Counties of Linyi City of Shandong Province of China
Juntao Zhang Yingjie Zhang
Abstract: The backwardness of urbanization and expansion of urban-rural income gap are two major challenges for China at present. The Third Plenary Session of the CPC's Eighteenth Central Committee adopted a major strategic decision to take the road of new urbanization, and in the process of new urbanization, the prefectural urbanization plays an important role and has an important impact on the evolution of the county's urban- rural income gap. Based on balanced panel data about 9 counties of Linyi City of Shandong Province from 2001 to 2013, the paper empirically studies the effect of prefectural urbanization on urban-rural income gap using dynamic panel data variable intercept model with fixed effect and estimation method of DIFF-GMM. The results show that the prefectural urbanization has a significant positive effect on the urban-rural income gap, that is, the prefectural urbanization significantly expanded urban-rural income gap. Thereby, this paper puts forward to suggestions as follows: accelerate the development of the county's service industry, strengthen the basic education and farmers' vocational training in rural areas, aiming at narrowing the urban-rural gap in Linyi City and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy.
Keywords: Prefectural Urbanization Urban-Rural Income Gap Prefectural Economy
JEL Classification: O15 O18
发展中国家对外直接投资的经济增长效应研究
——基于金融发展门槛的实证分析
孟寒 李平
摘 要:20世纪80年代以来发展中国家对外直接投资迅猛发展,但其对母国的经济增长效应尚无定论。基于探讨OFDI是否促进经济增长的现有研究基础,本文梳理了OFDI对发展中国家经济增长正反两方面的作用机制,并进一步探究发展中国国家如何提升吸收OFDI经济增长效应的能力。然后运用14个发展中投资大国(或地区)1993-2013年的数据进行相关实证检验,结果表明:整体上来看,发展中国家的OFDI促进了投资母国的经济增长,且OFDI对经济增长的拉动作用具有滞后性;其次,OFDI的经济增长效应存在显著的地区差异,在一些发展中国家,由于作用渠道不畅,OFDI与经济增长负相关;最后,门槛检验结果显示金融发展水平是发展中国家吸收OFDI经济增长效应的重要因素之一,且存在显著的门槛效应,跨过门槛之后OFDI对经济增长的作用由不显著的抑制作用变为显著的促进作用。
关键词:对外直接投资 经济增长 金融发展
Economic Growth Effect of Outword Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
——Based on threshold Analysis of Financial Development
Han Meng Ping Li
Abstract:Since the 1980s,foreign direct investment in developing countries has rapid developed,but its effect on the economic growth is inconclusive. Based on existing research,this paper selected the data between 1993 and 2013 from 14 developing countries (or regions) which has a large number of OFDI,to explore how to enhance the ability of home countries to absorb the effects of OFDI. The results showed that:developing countries’s OFDI promote the economic growth of home countries,but there is a significant lag effect in boosting economic growth. secondly,OFDI’s economic growth effect exist significant regional differences. Finally,the threshold test results show once across the threshold of financial development OFDI’s effect on economic growth has significantly changed,form insignificant to promote.
Keywords:OFDI Economic Growth Financial Development
JEL Classification:F41 G10