世界大国工业竞争力评价与演进趋势:2000—2010
石军伟 谢伟丽
摘 要:如何评价大国工业的整体竞争力?如何识别工业强国?本文运用统计评价和定量研究方法进行了回答。在界定国家工业竞争力来源的基础上,首先基于工业企业实力、工业效率、可持续发展、创新水平四个方面构建了国家工业整体竞争力评价体系(NIC指数),然后利用48个大国在2000—2010年间的数据测算出了各国的NIC指数值,并对当今世界四个不同层次代表性大国的工业竞争力状况进行了比较系统的评价与对比分析,总结出了世界大国工业竞争力的格局分布特征及演化趋势。
关键词:工业竞争力 国家工业竞争力指数 工业强国 大国经济
The Industrial Competence of Large Countries: Evaluation and Evolution from 2000 to 2010
Junwei Shi Weili Xie
Abstract: How to evaluate the large industrialized country and powerful industrialized country is of an unanswered question and hence to be the major mission of this paper. With a review of relative researches on national competence, the evaluation system of nationally industrial comprehensive competence—NIC index—is constructed, which is employed to systemic evaluation of industrial comprehensive competence of large countries in the current world at different levels since 2000 through 2010. Based on the results, the authors vertically analysis the industrial comprehensive competence of powerful industrialized countries and emerging large countries at four levels, and conclude the structural distribution and evolutionary trend of industries in large nations of the world.
Keywords:Industrial Competence NIC Index Powerful Industrialized Country
JEL Classification:L16 L60 L52
消费者“面子”偏好及其对我国新能源汽车需求的影响分析
彭宜钟 吴敏
摘 要:本文从我国高价车保有量占比相对于很多欧美发达国家都显得偏高的异常现象出发,分析提炼出了潜藏在我国汽车消费者消费行为背后的一种特殊心理现象——“面子”偏好。基于高价车燃料使用效率较高的假设,本文将新能源汽车归类于高价车,并借助一个考虑“面子”偏好的汽车需求数理模型系统深入研究了“面子”偏好对高价车需求的影响。我国汽车消费者在购车行为中确实体现出了显著的“面子”偏好,其需求价格弹性较小;燃料成本、保养维修成本以及其它使用成本的降低,贷款利率的降低能够增加需求,而工艺改善将会减少需求
关键词:新能源汽车需求 “面子”偏好
On The “Face” Preference And Its Impact Upon The Demand of New-Energy Cars
Yizhong Peng Min Wu
Abstract:Our study starts from an anomaly that the proportion of type I cars , whose prices are no less than 5 times of local per capita disposable income, is higher than many developed countries. We reveal a special psychological phenomenon hidden behind the behavior of Chinese automobile consumers, which is called as “face” preference by us. Basing on the assumption that the fuel efficiency of type I cars is greater, we include new energy cars in this category and develop a mathematical economic model on car demand, in which "face" preference is taken into account. Then four corollaries have been drawn based on such model. We carry out empirical research on the existence of "face" preference and validity of above corollaries, and eventually we get to following conclusions: (1) the behavior of Chinese auto-consumers exactly shows significant" face" preference; (2) cars with more “face” functions exhibit lower price elasticity of demand; (3) The reduction in fuel cost, maintenance and repair cost and other cost is likely to increase the demand for type I cars; (4) the technical improvement of type II cars ( low price vehicles ) will reduce the demand of type I cars (including new energy vehicles ); (5) the reduce in interest rates of car consumption loan will increase the demand of type I cars (including new energy vehicles ). Based on the above findings, we put forward a series of suggestions with respect to the cultivation and development of market demand for new energy automobiles in China.
Keywords: Demand for New Energy Automobiles “Face” Preference
JEL Classification: D01
集体声誉、市场结构与农民专业合作社的垄断规制
陈艳莹 桑池军
摘 要:本文针对区域农产品行业具有的集体声誉特点,通过考察质量和产量之间的权衡对社会福利的影响,探讨了区域农产品行业的最优市场结构,进而对农民专业合作社的垄断合意性和规制问题进行了研究。结果发现:在消费者只能识别行业平均质量的情况下,垄断有可能是最优的市场结构,因此具有垄断势力的农民专业合作社的存在是合意的;并且在产量规制、价格规制和补贴三种针对农民专业合作社的规制政策中,产量规制的效果最好。政府应当积极鼓励农民专业合作社的规模扩张和联合,扩大对其的反垄断豁免范围,并适当强化对垄断性农民专业合作社的产量规制。
关键词:集体声誉 市场结构 农民专业合作社
Collective Reputation, Market Structure and Regulation for Farmers' professional Cooperatives
Yanying Chen Chijun Sang
Abstract:This paper built a theoretical model based on the collective reputation of regional agricultural industry, having Investigated the optimal market structure of regional agricultural industry and the reasonability of farmers' professional co-operatives’ monopoly problem by the influence to welfare which came from the trade-off between quality and quantity. We found that the optimal market structure could be complete monopoly or Perfect competition, so the monopoly power of farmers' professional co-operatives was acceptable. And wo also discovered that quantity regulation brought the best results under the condition of only one policy compared to other measures for Monopolistic professional co-operatives, such as quality regulation、output regulation and price regulation.
Keywords:Collective Reputation Market Structure Farmers' Professional Co-Operatives
JEL Classification:C70 L20
中国城市低保制度的减贫效应研究
——基于“中国家庭收入调查2002和2007”的实证分析
陈宗胜 文 雯
摘 要:本文利用中国家庭收入调查2002和2007的微观调查数据,分别以国际贫困线、低保线、马丁法贫困线和相对贫困线为贫困标准测度了城市低保的减贫效果。从总体上看,城市低保在很大程度上缓解了我国城镇地区的绝对贫困及部分相对贫困,城市低保的减贫能力与之前相比有提升。在各种贫困线和贫困指标下,不同省份和家庭获得的减贫效果有一定差别,一般来说越是贫困程度深的家庭获得的减贫效果越明显。本文利用新资料进行的研究结果是对以往此类研究结论的重要修订和补充。
关键词:城市低保 减贫效应 收入分配 贫穷率
The Study on Poverty Reduction Effects of Chinese Urban Minimum Living Standard Security System——Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP 2002 and 2007
Zongsheng Chen Wen Wen
Abstract:The paper uses micro survey data of Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) 2002 and 2007, takes international poverty line, minimum living standard line, Martin poverty line and relative poverty line as poverty standards respectively to measure poverty reduction effects of urban minimum living standard security. On the whole, urban minimum living standard security alleviates absolute poverty to a large extent and part of relative poverty in urban areas. Compared with before, the ability to reduce poverty of urban minimum living standard security improves significantly. Under various poverty line and poverty indices, different provinces and families have different poverty reduction effects brought by urban minimum living standard security. Generally speaking, the deeper poverty the families lie in, the more significant poverty reduction effects they will have.
Keywords: Urban Minimum Living Standard Security Poverty Reduction Effects Income Distribution Poverty Rate
JEL Classification: H55 I32
FDI溢出效应与我国产业结构调整
——基于Baumol模型的理论分析与实证研究
杜曙光 宋建 刘刚
摘 要:本文基于Baumol提出的“非均衡经济增长模型”,将FDI溢出效应带动的劳动生产率的相对增长率和非外资效应影响的劳动生产率的相对增长率纳入模型中,然后基于我国1984年-2013年的相关数据进行实证检验。结果显示:在长期内,FDI溢出效应对服务业与制造业相对价格、服务业相对就业比、服务业相对产出比都具有正向的促进作用,且存在长期稳定的关系;在短期内,FDI溢出效应对服务业相对价格、服务业相对产出产生正的促进作用,但统计量不显著,其对服务业相对就业会产生与长期相悖的结论,使得劳动力短暂的流向制造业部门;同时,国家的开放程度、政府支持力度以及固定资产投资率也对产业结构调整产生不同的作用。根据上述结果提出了“新常态”下我国产业结构调整的对策建议。
关键词:FDI 技术溢出 产业结构 Baumol模型
Spillover Effects of FDI and Industrial Structure Adjustment of China
──Based on the Baumol’s Model of Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Research
Shuguang Du Jian Song Gang Liu
Abstract: Based on the model of economic unbalanced growth proposed by Baumol, in this paper, we take the relative growth rate of the labor productivity and the effect of non-foreign capital of the labor productivity into consideration,which is droved by spillover effect of FDI.We empirically examine this argument using data during 1984 and 2013 and find strong evidence that spillover effect of FDI played a positive and significant impact on the relative price of services and manufacturing, service industry relative to employment rate, service industry relative to out ratio in the long term, and there is long-term stable relationship among those. In the short term, spillover effect of FDI has positive role in promoting service industry relative to prices, service industry relative to output but statistics are not significant. In addition, spillover effect of FDI contradicts the long term about service industry relative to employment, makes labor force flowing to manufacturing briefly. Meanwhile, the degree openness of the country, capacity of government support and rate of fixed asset investment also have different effect on the adjustment of industrial structure. Based on these observations, we bring forward the countermeasure and advice to improve industrial structure adjustment of our country.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment Technology Spillover Baumol's Model Industrial Structure
JEL Classification: C52 E22
中国—东盟自贸区深度一体化的产业发展研究
文淑惠 张欣
摘 要:本文基于新经济地理学研究了中国—东盟自贸区深度一体化中的产业发展和福利问题。运用数值模拟重点讨论了自贸区外不同贸易自由度、自贸区内各国不同市场规模以及自贸区外不同市场规模的这三种情形下,随着贸易自由度的增加,各国产业份额和福利水平的变动情况。结果表明,在中国—东盟自由贸易区深度一体化进程中,中国等自贸区内的大国会实现本国产业发展和福利提升的双赢,市场规模较小的国家能获得福利的增加但是其本国的产业发展是不确定的。
关键词:中国—东盟自贸区 深度一体化 新经济地理学
Research on the industry development of the depth integration of CAFTA
Shuhui Wen Xin Zhang
Abstract:This paper studies the industrial development and welfare improvement of the depth integration of CAFTA based on the New Economic Geography. Especially, the article detailedly uses numerical simulation to discuss the industry shares and welfare levels’s changes of the countries of CAFTA with the trade freedom of CAFTA increasing under the three cases of different external trade freedom ,different internal market scale and different external market scale of FTA.The results show that in the depth integration process of CAFTA , the larger counties of CAFTA as China will achieve industry development and welfare improvement, while the countries with smaller market scale can achieve welfare improvement but their own industrial development is uncertain.
Kewords:CAFTA Depth Integration New Economic Geography
JEL Classification: F15 R12