递增阶梯定价研究综述
——估计方法、价格选择及实施效果测算
田露露 张昕竹
摘 要：因能兼顾经济性与社会性目标，递增阶梯定价在资源、能源等各领域中得到广泛应用。国外诸多文献针对其复杂的结构特点与双重目标的实现进行了研究。通过对相关文献的分析整理，我们发现：（1）在对需求量估计的过程中，最需要解决的是定价结构产生的价格内生性问题，故简化估计、基于DCC问题的最大似然估计代替传统的估计方法而得到广泛的应用；（2）由于复杂的阶梯定价使得消费者的认知价格存在多种，故价格的选取需要进行相关检验，任意将其中一种作为价格变量都有可能导致估计出现偏差；（3）诸多研究实施效果的文献均表明IBP如理论表述的那样具有再分配效应，并能够在效率与公平，经济性与社会性目标间进行平衡。本综述不仅能够丰富国内相对缺乏的递增阶梯定价文献，同时还能为我国阶梯定价的进一步研究奠定理论基础。
关键词：递增阶梯定价 边际价格 平均价格 社会总福利 再分配效应
A Review of the Increasing Block Tariff: Estimation Method, Price Option and Calculation on Implementation Effects
Lulu Tian Xinzhu Zhang
Abstract:Because of a fine balance between economic and social goals, Increasing Block Tariff (IBP) is widely applied to resource, energy and other aspects. Many foreign literatures do a lot of research on its complex structural characteristics and fulfillment of multiple objectives, which is focusing on estimation method, the option of price variable and calculation on implementation effect. This paper analyzes and summarizes related studies and viewpoints on IBP comprehensively. This is not only enriching the theory of domestic related literature, at the same time also can provide theoretical basis for further research of our country's IBP.
Keywords: Increasing Block Tariff Marginal Price Average Price Social Total Welfare Redistribution Effect
JEL Classification: L51 L94 L98
“可抵扣预付制”下的有效转诊
寇宗来 胡文皓
摘 要：在两级医院体系下，建立有效的转诊体制是缓解“看病贵，看病难”的重要手段。现阶段中国面临的问题是，仅靠重复购买机制不足以消除社区医院“大病小治”的动机，致使许多患者即便症状轻微也宁愿到“中心医院”进行治疗。本文设计了一种能够实现有效转诊的激励合约--可抵扣预付制，其核心机理是让社区医院能从转诊中获得一定的信息租金；为激励社会医院“大病转诊”，此信息租金不能太小；但为避免社区医院“小病转诊”，此信息租金又不能太大。文章进一步刻画了旨在最大化患者福利的最优“可抵扣预付制”，并讨论了相应的政策含义。
关键词：两级医院体系 有效转诊 重复购买机制 可抵扣预付制
Efficient Patient Referral under “Deductible Pre-Pay Scheme”
Zonglai Kou Wenhao Hu
Abstract:Under two-tier hospital system, efficient patient referral can not only increase medical availability but reduce patients’ burden. In current China, however, since community hospitals cannot get direct benefit from referral and repeated purchase mechanism is not enough to restrict inefficient “small treatment for big illness” by community hospitals, patients would rather go directly to central hospitals and then possibly suffer from more expensive “big treatment for small illness”. Our analysis shows that efficient referral can be realized by introducing deductible pre-pay scheme which satisfies community hospitals’ participation constraint and incentive compatibility constraint. We further characterize the optimal deductible pre-pay scheme and discuss corresponding policy implications as well.
Keywords: Two-tier Hospital System Efficient Patient Referral Repeated Purchase Mechanism Deductible Pre-Pay Scheme
JEL Classification: L15 I11 D86
区域技术竞争追随、经济均衡锁定与经济结构解锁升级
江海潮 向国成
摘 要：区域技术竞争追随是区域经济升级锦标赛重心，也是区域经济均衡锁定重要制约因素，它通过技术自主创新、技术学习与劳动力竞争追随，非对称制约多区域经济均衡锁定、解锁升级一致性与冲突性，导致区域经济空间梯度结构升级分群锁定；非对称影响特定区域经济均衡锁定点分布、区域多均衡解锁升级一致性与冲突性，引起区域经济解锁升级复杂化甚至循环内卷；非对称影响区域经济空间梯度、产出、消费、资本与技术解锁升级；影响区域经济结构升级陷阱边界范围。特定区域竞争关系模式、区域经济结构、均衡锁定状态、解锁距离、区域竞争策略一致性与冲突性条件下，区域经济结构解锁升级模式复杂、路径多样且存在升级陷阱，区域只有遵循技术竞争追随策略作用规律，采用复杂多样性策略组合，沿着民生消费或投资生产两条最优路径，按照一定的策略强度匹配关系，技术竞争追随策略才能有效推进区域经济结构平稳有序解锁升级。
关键词：技术竞争追随 均衡锁定 解锁策略
The Region’s Technology Competition Following, Region Economy Equilibrium Lock-in and Economy Upgrading through Breaking Lock-in
Haichao Jiang Guocheng Xiang
Abstract: The region’s technology competition following, as center of inter-region economy tournament, is an important factor that asymmetrically determines regions’ economy equilibrium locking, consistency and conflicting of regions’ economy breaking-lock upgrading, leading to gradient differentiation and group lock-in of region economy upgrading, influences the distribution of region economy equilibrium locking and consistency and conflicting among regions’ economy breaking-lock upgrading, which will make the region’ economy upgrading complication, even upgrading involution between different economy equilibrium, asymmetrically imposes effects on non-synergistic upgrading of region’s economy space gradient and economic product, consumption, capital and technology, and influences the scope of trap of economy upgrading. There are complicated models, various paths and trap in the course of regions’ economy breaking-lock upgrading. Different regions could quickened orderly and steadily economy upgrading under the conditions of using the diversification of technology competition following portfolio along the people’s livelihood preferred path or investment-production preferred path with paired and fixed power between different technology competition-following policies, which based on the relation model of region competition, the region’ economy structure, the state of equilibrium lock-in, the broken-locking distance, the consistency and conflicting of regions’ competition tactics.
Keywords:Technology Competition Following Equilibrium Lock-in Broken-locking Policies
JEL Classification: R11 O33 L51
中国失业保险金最优水平估算
李登辉 姚志勇
摘要：本文针对我国失业保险基金连年盈余、巨额结存现象，在收支平衡并考虑两类道德风险前提下，探讨失业保险金最优水平。本文首先推导出决定最优失业保险金的理论和经验公式，在此基础上进行了数值分析。然后，本文估算了我国失业保险工资替代率区间，认为现行失业保险费过高而工资替代率过低，是导致失业保险基金巨额结存的重要原因。最后，本文对完善我国现行失业保险制度提出了政策建议。
关键词：失业保险 道德风险 最优工资替代率
Estimation for China’s Optimal Unemployment Insurance Benefit Level
Denghui Li Zhiyong Yao
Abstract: With regard to the phenomenon of huge surplus of China’s unemployment insurance fund, we explore the optimal unemployment insurance benefit level taking into account the budget balance constraint and the moral hazard problems. We first derive both the theoretical and the empirical equations, then estimate China’s optimal wage replacement rate by numerical examples. We show that the insurance fee is too high while the replacement is too low is the main reason why there exists huge insurance surplus. Finally, we offer policy implications to reform China’s unemployment insurance system.
Keywords:Unemployment Insurance Moral Hazard Optimal Wage Replacement Rate
JEL classification:D82 J64J65
CEO注意力对公司创新战略的影响：两职合一的作用
丁维国 穆秋予王丽敏
摘 要：在纷繁复杂的市场环境下，企业创新的表现和能力成为企业可持续发展的重要保证，是企业获得竞争优势的潜在动力。基于此，不论资源雄厚的大型公司亦或是寻求发展的中小企业，都不断进行着革新。在公司创新过程中，CEO的作用至关重要。本文在已有文献基础上，通过选取深交所中小企业板创新型上市公司为研究样本，探讨了CEO注意力对公司创新战略的影响，以及CEO与董事长两职合一起到的影响作用。结果表明，公司CEO对产品市场与竞争环境，技术环境的注意力焦点与公司发展和创新战略均有积极影响，而两职合一正向调节了CEO注意力与公司创新战略的关系。文章最后对于本研究的理论贡献与管理应用进行了讨论。
关键词：CEO注意力 公司创新 两职合一
The Impact of CEO Attention on Enterprise Innovation Strategy:
the Moderating Role of Duality
Weiguo Ding Qiuyu Mu Limin Wang
Abstract: In recent years, under uncertain and complicated market environment, the performance and ability of enterprise innovation become an important guarantee for the sustainable development. Moreover, enterprise innovation is a potential power for competitive advantage of an enterprise. Based on the above remarks, not only large company, but SMEs are seeking innovation strategy. CEO plays a key role through the process of enterprise innovation. The study explores the impact of CEO attention on enterprise and the moderating role of duality, using data of technology-intensive list SMEs in Shenzhen Stock Exchange Second Board. The results shows that CEO attention related to product market, competitive environment and technology environment has positively impact on enterprise innovation and development. What is more, Duality of CEO and Chairman has moderated the relation of CEO attention and enterprise innovation positively. In the end, theoretical contributions and managerial implications have been discussed.
Keywords:CEO Attention Enterprise Innovation Duality
JEL Classification: D21 L29
基于供应链管理模式的公共服务外包运作策略研究
宁 靓
摘 要：公共服务外包的理论和实践在西方国家已经得到了发展和验证。但是如何有效地管理公共服务外包，仍然是政府在市场化改革中面临的难题。本文创新性的将企业战略管理中供应链管理的思想应用于公共管理领域，构建并分析了公共服务外包中形成的供应链, 并在供应链管理模式下，从政府公共服务外包的决策和外包中的关系管理两个方面对公共服务外包的运作策略进行了深入分析，目的是帮助政府从公共服务的供应链全局出发，科学合理的进行服务外包决策与管理，提高公共服务供给的效率与质量。
关键词：供应链管理 公共服务外包 运作策略
Research on Public Service Outsourcing Strategy under the Supply Chain Management
Jing Ning
Abstract:Theory and practice of public service outsourcing have been developed in the western countries. However, how to effectively manage the public service outsourcing is still a big issue confronting government. From the perspective of supply chain management (SCM), this paper attempts to analyze the driving factors and supply chain in the provision of public services. Furthermore, the influence of strategic choices in public service outsourcing regarding to the outsourcing design and relationship management have been explored, in order to help governments scientifically make the outsourcing decision and perform contract management from the whole perspective of SCM.
Keywords：Supply chain management Public service outsourcing Outsourcing strategy
JEL Classification: F23 L72
中国钢铁产业外汇风险暴露研究
王立强 张方华 王俊洁
摘 要：文章分别采用现金流量法和资本市场法两种方法、五种模型对中国钢铁产业的外汇风险暴露状况进行了全面考察。中国钢铁产业的外汇风险暴露是显著的，结算货币以及进出口国家或地区的货币兑人民币汇率的变化都会为钢铁产业带来外汇风险，且外汇风险暴露具有滞后性。不同汇率制度下钢铁产业所面临的外汇风险暴露程度是不同的，我国钢铁产业的外汇风险暴露在人民币升值期与贬值期并未表现出显著的不对称性，在考察外汇风险暴露的影响因素时发现，规模较大、速动比率较高的钢铁企业外汇风险暴露较少。
关键字：钢铁产业 外汇风险暴露
Empirical Studies on Foreign Exchange Exposure of Chinese Steel Industry
Liqiang Wang Fanghua Zhang Junjie Wang
Abstract:The paper uses five empirical models, which base on cash flow or capital market, to test the foreign exchange exposure in Chinese steel industry and shows that there exists significant exposure in this industry. The fluctuations of multiple foreign exchange rates can influnce the exchange rate risk the steel industry faces, including settlement currencies and currencies circulating in the import or export countries. Besides, under different exchange rate policies the steel industry takes on distinct foreign exchange exposure. However, the steel industry doesn’t show asymmetry foreign exchange exposure when RMB appreciates or depreciates. Finnally, big steel corporations show relatively low foreign exchange exposure, so do companies that have high quike ratios.
Keywords: Steel Industry Foreign Exchange Exposure
JEL Classification: F31 L61