“权力—效率”框架下的企业控制权配置和争夺
王广亮 张子澍
摘 要:本文在企业家理论和团队生产理论的基础上提出了团队控制权理论,并在“权力—效率”框架下分析了企业控制权的来源。控制权是在企业成员中完全配置的,控制权源自企业成员凭借其资源影响其他成员的权力,从市场交易关系到企业契约关系是权力结构的合法化过程。控制权争夺的效率不同于控制权配置的效率,企业价值最大化要求相对均衡的控制权配置。考虑到权力对控制权的配置的作用机制,应该限制物质资本和人力资本权力的滥用,尤其是物质资本的权力。
关键词:企业控制权;团队控制权;控制权争夺
Configuration and Dispute on Enterprise Control in the Power-Efficiency Framework
Guangliang Wang Zishu Zhang
Abstract:This paper put forwards the theory of team control right on the basis of entrepreneur theory and team production theory, and analyses the source of enterprise control right in the power-efficiency framework. Control right origins from the power that the enterprise members affect other members with the resources they owned, and the control right is allocated among members in the enterprise as the power structure. It is a legalization process from market transaction to the corporate contract. The strife for control right in Gome is a good case for analyzing the relationship between power and control right. The efficiency of re-negotiation for control is different from the efficiency of control right configuration, and the maximization of enterprise value requires relatively balanced control right structure. Given that the structure of control right depends on the power structure, thus the abuse of material and human capital should be restricted, especially those material capital abuse.
Keywords:Enterprise Control Right; Team Control; Dispute on Control
JEL Classification: D23 D33
基于铁路交通发展的城市空间经济联系格局演化
桑曼乘 覃成林
摘 要:借助由铁路时间距离修正的引力模型和网络分析方法,从全国八大区域的层面分析1997年和2011年的城市空间经济联系格局演化。结果表明,铁路交通有利于提高中国城市空间经济联系网络的完备性和稳定性,增强区域中心城市的地位,促进城市之间分工合作与协同发展,推动区域联系水平升级。同时,由于铁路交通水平的地区差异,空间经济联系不平衡格局仍存在,但已经得到一定程度的缓解。在铁路影响要素流动、信息传递的累积作用下,一些城市能有效利用空间经济联系网络中的结构洞,获取更多的发展资源,成长为新中心,这有利于形成区域经济发展的新动力。
关键词: 城市空间经济联系;铁路交通;网络分析
Railway Transport and the Evolution of City Spatial Connectivity Pattern
Mancheng Sang Chenglin Qing
Abstract: Based on the Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis, this paper compares the evolution of city spatial connectivity patterns among eight regions from year 1997 to 2011. It reveals that, the development of railway transportation greatly improves city connectivity, enhances the status of central cities, promotes the cooperation and division among regions. Even though the unbalanced situation still exists in city connectivity, it begins to get better. As the railway transport facilitate flow of production factors, some cities can make use of structure holes to gain more advantages for further growth.
Keywords: City Spatial Connectivity;Railway Transportation;SNA
JEL classification: R40 L92
比较优势、本地市场效应与生产性服务业集聚
陈艳莹 聂 萍 黄 翯
摘 要:本文运用新经济地理学相关理论从本地市场效应和比较优势两个方面系统分析了生产性服务业集聚的成因及其在细分行业间的差异,并运用超额需求法,以我国29个省市的5个生产性服务业细分行业的投入产出数据进行了实证检验。研究发现,信息传递成本是影响生产性服务业集聚成因的重要因素,商务服务和交通运输等信息传递成本较高的生产性服务业集聚由本地市场效应主导,而信息服务、金融保险业等信息传递成本低的行业则主要由比较优势主导。要想进一步优化我国生产性服务业区位分布,促进生产性服务业的集聚发展,必须综合考虑生产性服务业各细分行业的特性,有针对性的进行区位选择。
关键词:生产性服务业集聚;比较优势;本地市场效应
Comparative Advantage, Home Market Effect and Producer Services Agglomeration
Yanying Chen Ping Nie He Huang
Abstract:This paper analyzes the causes of industry cluster of producer services from the sight of home market effect and comparative advantage with the related theories of the new economic geography .Then, it carries out a empirical test on the hypothesis with the input-output data of the producer services’ sub-sectors of 29 provinces and cities in china .The study found that the cost of information transfer is an important factor which influences the causes of the producer services’ agglomeration. When the cost of information transfer is high, such as transportation and business services industries, the agglomeration of producer services is dominated by the home market effect, while the agglomeration of producer services whose cost of information transfer is low, just like the information services, finance and insurance industries, is dominated by the comparative advantage. To further optimize the geographical distribution and promote the cluster development of producer services, we must consider the characteristics of each segment producer services industries and targeted for the location choice.
Keywords:Productive Service Industry; Comparative Advantage; Home Market Effect
JEL Classification: C21 L80
国际智力回流的知识溢出效应:一个文献评述与展望
陈怡安
摘 要:国际智力回流的知识溢出效应是国际技术转移和扩散的新渠道,也是一国特别是发展中国家和地区实现技术进步的重要途径。本文在介绍国际智力回流知识溢出渠道的基础上,进一步总结和归纳了国际智力回流知识溢出效应的影响因素,并对国际智力回流知识溢出效应的经验研究方面进行回顾,最后对现有研究进行了述评和展望,以期对发展中国家和地区利用国际智力回流知识溢出实现技术进步和经济增长提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:国际智力;回流;知识溢出
Intellectual Returnees Technology Spillover Effect: A Survey
Yian Chen
Abstract:Intellectual Returnees Technology Spillover is an new channel of international technology transfer and diffusion,as well as an important way for an economy-especially for developing countries and regions to achieve technological progress.This paper firstly introduces the channels of Intellectual Returnees technology spillover,then concludes and analyzes factors affecting the Intellectual Returnees knowledge spillover effect. and review on the empirical research of returnees knowledge spillover effect, and finally carries on the review over the existing research and makes an outlook for further study,in order to provide reference for developing countries and regions to achieve technology progress and economic growth by making full use of returnees technology spillover effect.
Keywords: Intellectual Returnees;Return;Technology Spillover
JEL Classification: J61 O15 O33
持卡规模与银行卡刷卡手续费的关系研究
程贵孙 乔巍然
摘 要:首先对银行卡产业的运作机制进行分析,表明银行卡产业是个典型的双边市场,交换费和刷卡手续费是银行卡产业市场正常运转的关键因素;其次建立模型对银行卡交换费和刷卡手续费进行了研究,研究发现,银行卡组织的交换费和刷卡手续费水平与银行卡网络规模的网络外部性强度有关,即消费者持卡消费规模越大,网络外部性强度越强,则交换费和刷卡手续费水平越低。接着,文章结合我国银行卡产业发展现实,通过案例分析对模型的结论进行了检验。最后总结了本文的研究结论和政策启示。
关键词:银行卡;双边市场;网络外部性
Study on the Relationship of Bank Card Quantity and Fee of Card Paying
Guisun Cheng Weiran Qiao
Abstract:The paper studies the operating Mechanism of the BankCard industry. The results show the BankCard systems are typically two-sided markets, interchange fees and commission of paying by the card are the determinations of the regular operation of Bankcards industry. Then the paper builds the model for the decision on the optimal interchange fees and commission of paying by the card. The results show the optimal interchange fee and commission of paying by the card is correlated with the network externalities of the Bankcards scale, that is, the more the network externalities strength, the more low the interchange fees and commission of paying by the card. Furthermore, this paper tested the model through a typical case study of our the BankCard industry. Finally, the paper gave some conclusion and policy advices to the government.
Keywords:Bank Card;Two-Sided Market;Network Externalities
JEL Classification: G21 L11 L14
产品空间模型的实证研究
——基于中国出口商品的分析
廖建辉
摘 要:产品空间模型预测结构转换的思路是:若一种产品当前不具有出口比较优势而又具备较高的复杂度水平,若其产品密度大,则该产品未来发展成为具有比较优势产品的可能性大。在此基础上,本文采用两种对产品复杂度分类的方法并筛选出满足条件的典型目标产品,研究其比较优势演变是否符合理论预测;并同时进行了相关变量的计量分析。结果表明:典型目标产品的显示性比较优势指数的变动趋势不支持理论预测,而结果更是与理论相悖;进一步的计量分析显示产品密度对显示性比较优势指数的变化具有显著性的负面影响,因此,产品空间模型在我国产业结构转换的预测实践中并不有效。
关键词:产品密度;产品空间;出口
An empirical research on the Product Space Model——An Analysis Based on China’s Export Commodities
Jianhui Liao
Abstract:The idea of predicting the structural transformation by the Product Space Model is, if a product now is with high product density and high level of technological complexity and without revealed comparative advantage on export, then there is high possibility that the product would develop a product of comparative advantage in future. So this paper find out the typical target products which meet the condition by adopting two methods of classification of the product’s complexity, and study whether the products’ comparative advantage evolution is in accordance with the theoretical predictions, besides, the paper also does an econometric analysis. The results show that, the change trend of the typical products’ revealed comparative advantage index does not support the theoretical predictions, and the results are contrary to theory, and the further econometric analysis shows that product density has an significant negative effects on the changing of products’ revealed comparative advantage index. Therefore, Product Space Model is not effective on the forecasting of our country’s industrial structure transformation in Practice.
Keywords: Product Density; Product Space; Export
JEL Classification: F14 O33
城市集聚经济与产业结构变迁的空间溢出效应
于斌斌 金刚
摘 要:本文基于2003-2011年中国285个地级及以上城市的统计数据,运用空间计量技术实证研究了城市集聚经济与产业结构变迁对劳动生产率影响的空间溢出效应。研究发现,地理距离是影响城市体系集聚与扩散的重要因素,中国城市劳动生产率的溢出效应符合“地理学第一定律”,并且工业劳动生产率的溢出半径要显著大于服务业,分别为1700公里和950公里。城市集聚经济与产业结构变迁的影响效应存在显著的地区、阶段和规模差异:城市专业化经济对东部城市的劳动生产率有显著的负向效应,而对进入服务化阶段的城市劳动生产率却存在明显的促进作用;城市多样化经济是特大城市劳动生产率提升的重要来源,但其对工业劳动生产率的提高具有显著的阻滞效应;产业结构波动化有利于城市工业劳动生产率的提高,尤其是针对东部和西部的城市;产业结构高级化对正处于工业化阶段的城市并不适用,整体而言,产业结构的“反向高级化”更能促进中国城市劳动生产率的提高。上述研究结论为中国城市化和产业结构调整提供了理论依据和实证支持。
关键词:城市集聚经济;产业结构波动化;产业结构高级化;空间溢出效应
Space Spillovers of Urban Agglomeration Economies and Industrial Structure Changes
Binbin Yu Gang Jin
Abstract:Using statistical data from 2003-2011 years of 285 cities in China,this paper studied space spillovers of urban agglomeration economies and the industrial structure changes to urban labor productivity with the spatial econometrics methods. The study found that geographical distance is an important factor in the proliferation of urban systems and the impact of agglomeration. China's urban labor productivity spillovers is in line with "the first law of geography" and overflow. And overflow radius of industrial labor productivity to be significantly greater than the service sector,which are 1700 km and 950 km. Effects of urban agglomeration economies and the Industrial Structure Changes are significant differences among regional presence,stage and size. Specialization economies in the eastern city has a significant negative effect to urban labor productivity,and there is significant role in promoting to urban labor productivity for cities in the stage of entering the service. Diversification economies are an the important source of labor productivity growth of mega-cities,but it has a significant effect on industrial labor productivity. Industrial structure fluctuations will help improving the urban industrial labor productivity especially for the eastern and western cities. Industrial structure upgrading not apply for the cities in the stage of industrialization. Overall,the“reverse high-class”of industrial structure is better promoting Chinese urban labor productivity. The study provides a theoretical basis and empirical support for China's urbanization and industrial structure adjustment.
Keywords: Urban Agglomeration Economies; Industrial Structure Fluctuation; Industrial Structure Upgrading; Space Spillovers
JEL Classification: B13 C53 R11
地市官员异质性对所辖市经济政策的影响
于 彤
摘 要:本文考察了地市级官员是否存在异质性,及其如何影响所辖市经济政策的选择和绩效。通过构造官员与辖市匹配的面板数据,发现地市级官员对于一系列经济政策制定都有显著的个体影响。相较而言,官员个体差异在经济建设相关政策上更为明显,尤其对外商投资指标有很大影响。本文还研究了官员在不同政策上的个体影响的相关关系,发现同类政策间可能存在正相关,不同类政策间可能存在负相关。
关键词:地方官员;官员异质性;经济政策
The Effect of Local Officials on City Policies and Economic Growth
Tong Yu
Abstract: This paper investigates whether and how individual leaders affect policies and economic growth of cities. The author constructs a leader-city matched panel data set which proves that leader fixed effects matter for many policies and economic growth. Individual differences are more significant for financial policies, especially ones concerning foreign direct investment. This paper also studies the correlation of leaders’ fixed effects on different policies, and finds that policies of the same group are positively correlated while those of opposite groups are negatively correlated.
Keywords: Local Official; Official Heterogeneity; Economic Policies
JEL Classification: O20 P20
垂直专业化分工与园区经济带动视角下山东产业转型升级路径研究
赵明亮
摘 要:本文对新形势下山东产业发展存在的问题进行分析,结合山东产业发展的国内外经济环境和山东产业及园区规划,研究认为当前依托垂直专业化分工与园区经济带动是实现山东产业转型升级的最有效路径。通过对山东垂直专业化分工与园区经济发展情况以及与江苏的对比研究,提出以下措施促进山东产业转型升级,提升产业发展水平:积极进行研发,促进产业技术改造和附加值提升;对垂直专业化分工生产进行合理布局,梯度转移产业;依托分工的深入发展,促进山东生产性服务业和现代服务业发展;依托园区的产业及资源集聚优势,促进传统产业升级和新兴产业发展。
关键词:垂直专业化分工;园区经济;产业转型升级
A Study on the Path of Industrial Upgrading in Shandong Province Under the View of Vertical Specialization and Economic-Technological Development Area Development
Mingliang Zhao
Abstract: This paper analyze the problems in the development of Shandong industry under the new situ-ation. Combined with domestic and international economic environment and industry development plan of Shandong province, I think that depending on the vertical specialization and Economic-Technological Development Area development is the most effective path to achieve the upgrading of industries currently.Through the comparative study on the development of Shandong’s vertical specialization and Economic-Technological Development Area with Jiangsu province, put forward the following measures to promote the industry upgrading of Shandong province. Intensify research and development, promoting industrial technological transformation and value-added; Layout vertical specialization production reasonable, gradient transfer of industries; Based on the further development of division of industry, promote the development of productive service industry and modern service industry in Shandong; Relying on the industry and resources agglomeration advantages in Economic-Technological Development Area, promote the traditional industry upgrade and development of emerging industries.
Keywords: Vertical Specialization; Economic-Technological Development Area; Industrial Upgrading
JEL Classification: F14 F43