企业承诺能力与技术授权合约
刘 政 王君美
摘 要：通过分析一个拥有降低产品成本技术的非生产性企业，对耐用品双寡头企业的排他性与非排他性技术转让问题，本文剖析了耐用品企业的承诺能力对技术授权合约的影响机理。结论表明：企业的跨期承诺能力决定了市场竞争形态,影响了技术授权前后的企业利润，并致使技术授权合约发生改变。
关键词：承诺能力 技术授权 耐用品寡头 过程创新 跨期竞争
Firm’s Commitment Capability and Technology Licensing Contract
Zheng Liu Junmei Wang
Abstract:Incorporating the exclusive or non-exclusive licensing into a durable-good duopoly model, this paper studies the impact of commitment capability on optimal licensing contract by a third non-producing patent holder with a cost-reducing innovation. It’s shown that the commitment capability for the durable-good duopoly decides the competition status of patent receivers and licensing profits of patentee, which rechanges the licensing contract in the end.
Keywords：Commitment Capability Technology Licensing Durable-good Duopoly Process Innovation
Inter-temporal Competition
JEL Classification：D45 D21 D43 L13
研发产业化路径的经济学分析
代 明 韩启钰 刘 佳
摘 要：一部分企业的研发部门从母体剥离出来而衍生为独立的研发业者或新设，还有一部分企业通过保留并强化研发、剥离制造及其他业务而“变身”为事实上的研发业者。前者与物流（后勤保障）、售后服务等企业内部业务通过外部化而形成独立产业的演化路径并无二致，属一般的典型产业化路径。后者则是一条“另类”的非典型演化路径。通过对一体化企业内部业务环节（单元、板块）的抽象化建立研发产业化路径模型，可以看到各环节的演化路径受学习成本、交易效率及交易市场发展等的影响，而研发产业化同时拥有非典型路径是因其能满足高效益、高等级、旺盛需求以及大优势差等条件。对企业来说，是否及如何（选择何路径）实现研发产业化需视具体情况而定。
关键词：产品内分工；新兴古典经济学；研发产业；非典型路径
The Economic Analysis on Route of R&D Industrialization
Ming Dai Qiyu Han Jia Liu
Abstract: Some enterprises' R&D departments are stripped from the mother and develop into an independent R&D formats or new formalism; the other enterprises, by way of retaining and strengthening their R&D departments, stripping out their manufacturing operation and other businesses, become the real R&D formats. The former one is a typical evolutionary route, sharing the same route as logistics (logistical support), after-sale service and other internal businesses, all of which form independent industries through externalization. The latter is an "offbeat" atypical evolution route. Through the abstract the integrated enterprises’ internal link (unit, plate), we establish a R&D industrialization route model. We can see that every link of the evolutionary route is affected by learning cost, transaction efficiency, development of market, and other elements. Meanwhile, the industrialization of R&D have the atypical route result from meeting the high efficiency, high grade, exuberant demand, and great advantages. For the enterprises, whether they should actualize industrialization of R&D and how to actualize it or which path to select depend on specific circumstances.
Keywords:R&D Industry Industrialization Inter-Chain Specialization Atypical Evolutionary Route
JEL Classification: D21 D23 D58
环境技术创新的激励与效应：一个研究述评
曾世宏 王小艳
摘 要：环境问题影响人类自身的可持续发展。解决环境问题的根本出路在于环境技术创新与扩散。环境技术创新和扩散具有外溢性，因此，从微观层次政府必须制定合理的技术战略激励企业进行环境技术吸收和创新，从宏观层次政府必须加强国际协调，探索有效的环境技术创新与扩散机制。开放式创新有利于环境技术的联合创新和国际扩散。但技术创新与扩散的环境效应等几个方面还待进一步研究。
关键词：环境问题 技术创新 技术扩散
Motivation and Effect of Environmental Technology Innovation: a Research Review
Shihong Zeng Xiaoyan Wang
Abstract: Environmental issues can affect the sustainable development of human beings. The basic way to solve environmental problems lies in the environmental technology innovation and diffusion. Environmental technology innovation and diffusion have spillover effects. So, at the micro-level the government must formulate a reasonable technology strategy of incentive to enterprise for environmental technology absorption and innovation. From a macro level the government must strengthen international coordination and explore effective mechanisms of environmental technology innovation and diffusion. Open Innovation can facilitate innovation and international diffusion of environmental technologies. But some aspects, such as environmental effects of technology innovation and diffusion, are still needed for further studying.
Keywords:Environmental Issues Technology Innovation Technology Diffusion
JEL Classification: L52 O31 Q55
我国钢铁产业的最优产能测算
—基于2007年度数据的实证
马文军
摘 要：我国钢铁产能过剩长期存在且不断恶化，一个重要原因在于缺乏对我国钢铁产业最优产能的科学精确的测算。本文基于经济效益和社会效益有机结合的基本效率目标，以及产业市场需求曲线和企业技术成本曲线的相应对应形式，构建了产业最优产能的测算模型，实证测算了我国钢铁产业2007年的最优产能。结果表明，2007年我国钢铁产业的最优产能为49500万吨，而实际产量为56460万吨，生产明显处于过剩状态。
关键词：钢铁产业 经济效益 社会效益 最优产能
The Calculation of the Optimal Capacity of China’s Iron and Steel Industry
----An Empirical Study Based on Statistical Data of 2007
Wenjun Ma
Abstract: Excess capacity of China’s iron and steel industry is a long-standing problem which with one importmant reason that lacking scientific and accurate calculation on optimal capacity of China’s iron and steel industry. From the basic efficiency goals which combines economic benefits and social benefit, and based on the corresponding forms of industiral market demand curves and firm’s technology cost curves, the paper constructs the calculation model on industrial optimal capacity and calculates the optimal capacity of China’s iron and steel industry 2007 empirically. The results shows that the optimal capacity of China’s iron and steel industry 2007 is 495 million tons relative to the real output of 564.6 million tons, which means excess capacity of China’s iron and steel industry obviously.
Keywords:Iron and Steel Industry Economic Benefits Social Benefit Optimal Capacity
JEL Classification：L16 L51 L61
基于合作博弈的耐用品以旧换新政策研究
李 凯 苏慧清 刘智慧
摘 要：本文构建了耐用品以旧换新产业链的完全信息动态博弈模型，在假设零售商与回收企业合作博弈的情形下，考察政府补贴对消费者收入、回收各环节企业利润及社会福利的影响。结果表明，政府补贴总是能够提高社会福利。而给予零售商和回收企业的补贴对企业和消费者的影响却有所不同：首先，政府对零售商的补贴能够提高零售商和回收企业的利润，但是，该补贴额只有在满足一定条件时，才能促进消费者收入的增加。而政府对回收企业的补贴却不影响零售商和回收企业的利润，但能够促进消费者收入的增加。
关键词：循环经济 合作博弈 消费激励
A Research of Subsidy Policy of the Exchange of the Old for the New in Durable Goods Markets: Based on the Cooperative Game
Kai Li Huiqing Su Zhihui Liu
Abstract: This paper constructs a dynamic cooperative game model with perfect information to discuss the exchange of the old for the new in durable goods markets. We consider the effects of government subsidies on consumer income, corporate profits and social welfare. The results show that government subsidies are always able to improve social welfare. But the subsidies of retailers and recycling companies have different effects: First, the government subsidies for retailers can increase the profits of retailers and recycling companies, while the subsidies only under certain conditions can promote consumer income. Second, the government subsidies for recycling companies can increase consumer income, but have no effects on the profits of retailers and recycling companies.
Keywords: Circular Economy Cooperative Game Consuming Incentive
JEL Classification: C71 C78 L52 Q53
贸易自由化影响收入分配的传导机制：一个文献综述
陈景华 刘庆林
摘 要：关于贸易自由化对贸易双方收入分配影响的讨论已有很多，尤其在西方国家的工资支付经历显著变化时，即出现技术性工人的相对工资上升而非技术性工人的相对工资下降。本文主要从贸易自由化影响收入分配的传导机制入手，梳理在不同机制下贸易自由化对收入分配、要素价格和工资差距产生的影响，在这些机制作用下，贸易一定程度上能扩大收入差距，带来发达国家非技术性劳动相对工资的下降。而最新的文献把贸易和收入分配的关系纳入了异质性企业贸易理论框架下进行分析，显示了该领域未来的研究方向。
关键词：贸易自由化 传导机制 收入分配 相对工资
Review on Trade liberalization and Income Distribution
Jinghua Chen Qinglin Liu
Abstract: There are more debates about the impact of trade liberalization on income distribution, especially when the pattern of wage payment experience significant change in western countries: the wage of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers has a sustained increase. This paper summarizes the impact of international trade liberalization on income distribution, factor price and relative wage under different transmission mechanism, which is factor endowment, factor specificity and liquidity, imperfect market, vertical specialization, trade barriers, Darwinian evolution effect, technical progress and so on. According these mechanisms，in some extent trade liberalization can expand the income gap between skilled workers and unskilled workers in developed countries. The empirical results confirmed related conclusions. The latest literatures analyze the effect of trade on income inequality in the heterogeneous enterprise trade model and this is the direction for future research.
Keywords：Trade Liberalization Income Distribution Outsourcing Heterogeneity Firm
JEL Classification: F14 F16
中国机场业的技术效率及其影响因素
杨秀云 朱贻宁
摘 要：本文基于1999－2010年55个样本机场的相关数据，在运用SFA分别求解我国机场产业技术效率的基础上，运用面板数据的随机效应回归模型分析了影响机场客运和货邮技术效率的因素。结果表明：1999-2010年我国机场效率在不断提升改进，不同等级、不同地区机场在不同发展时期的效率差异在减小，存在着低等级、欠发达地区的机场向高等级发达地区机场效率的追赶；但机场整体效率依旧没有达到较高水平，存在区域差异、等级差异和不同经济增长区域差异，表现出了明显的区域不平衡和结构不协调；所有制改革和放松管制对机场客货效率的影响以及对不同等级不同地区机场效率的影响存在差异，所有制改革和公司治理优化对机场效率的改进贡献明显好于价格放松管制；地区经济发展水平和经济结构、机场技术水平、机场非航业务发展、机场市场竞争力和机场治理结构等因素都在一定程度对机场效率改进具有显著的正向影响；机场后勤保障能力和机场等级变量并没有表现出对机场效率提升的贡献特征，以及1999-2010年期间机场整体效率增长幅度不大，说明机场效率的改进，其关键不在于机场规模的不断扩大，而在于机场管理和服务水平的提升。因此，中国机场业的效率提高，需要在对自身客运和货邮业务技术效率充分评价的基础上，依据其影响因素的主次，有序实施相应措施。
关键词： 技术效率 随机前沿生产函数 随机效应回归
Technical Efficiency of China's Airport Industry and Its Affecting Factors
Xiuyun Yang Yining Zhu
Abstract：Based on the panel data from 1999 to 2010 of 55 sample airports in China, this paper analyses the technical efficiency of China's airport industry by using SFA. We estimate both the productivity level and its growth for 55sample Chinese airports, and investigate the factors that affect the passenger and cargo technical efficiency of airport. The results indicate that, from 1999 to 2010, the technical efficiency of China's airport industry improves continuously. The efficiency diversity among different rank and different region airports in different development periods is reducing; the technical efficiency of the low-rank and developing regional airports is catching up up-rank and developed regional airports. But the overall technical efficiency of airports still retains a low level. The development of China’s airport shows regional imbalances and structural disharmony. The impact of ownership reform and deregulation reform on airport efficiency is different, the ownership reform is relatively more important than the economic regulation reform in affecting airports efficiency. The regional economic development level and structure, the airport technical level, the airport non-aviation business, airport market competitiveness, airport governance structure and other factors contribute a significant positive effect on the improvement of airports technical efficiency. The airport logistics capacity and rank show negative relation with the technical efficiency of airports, as well as the lower increasing rate of overall airports efficiency, indicates that the improvement of airport efficiency should not focus on expanding, but on improving the airport management and service levels. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of China's airport industry, we should take some measures orderly based on the efficiency appraisal.
Keywords： Technical Efficiency SFA Random Effects Regression
JEL Classification: L21 L22 L25
电信业跨国并购决定因素的实证分析
张传敬
摘 要：跨国并购方式已成为电信企业实现国际化经营的主要方式。跨国并购在给电信业带来巨大利润的同时也存在着较大的风险。本文通过建立线性概率模型，以电信业跨国并购及运营的成功与否作为被解释变量，从宏观、微观两个主要方面作为切入点，界定十七个解释变量，考察电信企业跨国并购各因素的影响。同时，本文还对发达国家和发展中国家电信业跨国并购的决定因素予以比较，分析决定其跨国并购成功因素的异同，得出相应的结论。
关键词：跨国并购 电信业 实证分析
Empirical Analysis on the Determinants of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in Telecommunications Industry
Chuanjing Zhang
Abstract:Cross-border mergers and acquisitions has become the main way for telecommunications companies to achieve international operations, and it has brought huge profits to telecommunications industry, at the same time, there’s a greater risk on itself. This paper defines 17 explanatory variables and investigates the influences of all factors of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in telecommunications companies through establishing a linear probability model, taking whether the cross-border mergers and acquisitions and operations in telecommunications industry are a success or not as an explanatory variable, and taking macro and micro aspects as entry points. Furthermore, the paper compares the determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in telecommunications industry in developed countries with that in developing countries, analyzes the similarities and differences of success determinants of the cross-border mergers and acquisitions in developed countries and developing countries and draws appropriate conclusions.
Keywords:Cross-Border M & A Telecommunication Industry Empirical Analysis
JEL Classification: F23 C12 L23