搜索引擎研究的最新进展
王磊 张昕竹
摘 要:搜索引擎是互联网最广泛使用的基础应用之一。基于关键词拍卖的付费广告/链接是其最重要的盈利源泉。搜索引擎这种独特的商业模式为学术界提出了一系列新的研究课题。本文主要介绍2007年以来经济学家研究搜索引擎的三个主要问题的最新进展,系统梳理关于搜索引擎拍卖机制设计和绩效以及搜索引擎市场竞争的文献,在此基础上,讨论了涉及搜索引擎的公共政策的最新研究动向,并展望了未来研究搜索引擎的方向。
关键词:搜索引擎 付费链接 机制设计与绩效 市场竞争 公共政策
Economic Research on Search Engine: A Progress Report
Lei Wang Xinzhu Zhang
Abstract: Search engine is the one of the most widely-used fundamental applications on the Internet. Based on keyword Auction sponsored advertising / links is the most important source of profit. This unique business model of search engine sparks a series of new academic research. This paper introduces the three major research progress in search engine focused by economists since 2007 and systematically sorts the literatures about auction mechanism design and performance of search engine and the its market competition. On this basis, the paper also discusses recent trends in public policy related to search engines, and looks ahead the future research on search engine.
Keywords: Search Engine Sponsored Links Mechanism Design Market Competition Public Policy
JEL Classification:C70 L41 L86
预测市场方法以及应用的研究综述:—一个基于实验经济学的视角
李晶 孙火军 张耀辉
摘 要:市场中充满了不确定性与信息不对称,而预测市场作为一种新型的预测方法,相对其他传统的预测方法而言,能对市场上的事件做出高度准确的预测,充分实现了市场汇聚分散信息的功能,因此对这种预测方法的发展与应用进行总结就显得十分必要。对预测市场方法的研究能更好地为商业决策提供理论与实践指导,其重要性在于提供了一种新的信息收集方式,使市场有效性的应用推及更广泛层面,这也使得预测市场在不远的将来会得到更大的发展。
关键词:预测市场 有效市场假说 市场设计
Prediction Market and Its Application: A Survey Base on the Perspective of Experimental Economics
Jing Li Huojun Sun Yaohui Zhang
Abstract: The uncertainties and information asymmetries in the market initiate the demand for accurate prediction. Compared to other conservative prediction methods, predication market, as a new predication approach, presents higher accuracy in forcasting events in the market. This article summarizes the recent development and applications of prediction market method, which illustrate very well the information aggregation and dispersion. The new method provides a new way to collect information and further facilitates the implementation of market efficiency, implying a promising future for the research of predication market method.
Keywords:Predication Market Efficient Market Hypothesis Market Design
JEL classification: A10 C91 D00
基于纵向差异的垂直整合福利效果研究
綦勇 周霄雪 李凯
摘 要:本文构建上游企业为一个垄断厂商和下游为存在质量差异且进行伯川德竞争双寡头厂商组成的纵向结构,考察不同纵向结构对企业利润与消费者福利的影响。研究表明:上游投入品生产企业对下游企业实行差别定价;与纵向分离结构相比,纵向一体化结构下中间产品价格降低,使得最终产品价格下降,产品需求增加,企业利润提高;消费者福利取决于产品间的质量差异:当最终产品质量差异较大时,纵向一体化结构改善了消费者福利,当产品质量差异较小时,纵向一体化结构使消费者福利降低。
关键词:纵向差异 价格竞争 纵向一体化 消费者剩余
Welfare Analysis of Vertical Integration Based on Quality Differentiation
Yong Qi Xiaoxue Zhou Kai Li
Abstract: In this paper, we establish a vertical structure with an upstream monopoly and two downstream duopolies. The downstream firms differentiate vertically with each other and compete in price. Such a model is structured to examine how the the vertical structure works on profits and consumer surplus. We find that the upstream monopoly will implement discrimination price. Compared with vertical separation, lower input price under vertical integration reduces the price of the final products and thus increase the output and the profits. For consumer surplus it depends on the quality difference between the final products. When there exists large quality difference, consumers benefit under vertical integration. On the contrary, vertical integration will do harm to consumers if the quality difference is small.
Keywords:Vertical Differentiation Price Competition Vertical Integration Consumer Surplus
JEL Classification: L15 L42 L97
产品内国际分工与区域经济增长:专业化演进视角的比较研究
陈 健
摘 要:利用1998-2008年中国分地区面板数据,本文通过分析国际分工演化所表现出来的阶段性特点,重点从本土经济参与国际分工所形成的地区专业化演进视角,探讨了其对不同区域经济发展的影响。研究发现:基于专业化视角重新审视产品内国际分工对区域经济增长的影响是有重要现实意义的。在国际分工格局演化过程中,我国不同地区对外开放也形成了不同地区专业化特色,其中东部基于产品内国际分工下的地区专业化特点更加突出。相比产业间、产业内国际分工下所形成的地区专业化,产品内国际分工下的地区专业化更显著促进了我国区域经济增长。而进一步发展中,在关注不同区域自身新地区专业化能力培养的同时,更要注重其发展和作用发挥的“整体性”。
关键词:产品内国际分工 经济增长 地区专业化 比较研究
International Intra-product Fragmentation and Regional Growth: A Comparative Study in View of the Evolution of regional Specialization
Jian Chen
Abstract: Based on provincial panel data from 1998 to 2008, and through analyzing characteristics of international fragmentation evolution, this paper mainly focuses on evolution of regional specialization when participating in international fragmentation and its influence on economic growth. The findings show that it’s very meaningful to re-examine the influence of intra-product fragmentation on economic growth. During the evolution of international fragmentation, different region formed different pattern of specialization. For east, regional specialization based on intra-production fragmentation is more apparent. Compared with regional specialization based on international inter- and intra-industry fragmentation, regional specialization based on intra-product fragmentation has even more significant influence on regional growth. For future development, besides focusing on development of new regional specialization for different region, focusing on its systematic characters in development and influence may even more important.
Keywords: International Intra-Product Fragmentation Economic Growth Regional Specialization Comparative Study
JEL Classification: C51 F43 R11
国内外关于海洋新兴产业的理论研究:回顾与述评
丁娟 葛雪倩
摘 要:本文搜集整理自20世纪60年代起的针对海洋新兴产业的经济学理论研究文献,从不同的角度对现有理论研究进行概括与分析评论。我们发现:(1)海洋新兴产业是在一定时间和空间下的相对概念,对具体海洋新兴产业的研究必须定位其所处的地理位置和历史阶段;(2)海洋新兴产业演化逐渐由需求推动向高新技术推动转化,不同海洋新兴产业的演化路径具有差异;(3)影响海洋新兴产业发展的各类因素中,技术创新以及政策扶持是国内外学者普遍研究的两大重要因素;(4)政府的扶持政策在海洋新兴产业的培育与发展中起关键性作用,但是否起决定性作用,国内外学者呈不同观点。希望通过本综述,为我国正在进行的海洋战略性新兴产业的理论研究和经济实践提供一定借鉴和思考。
关键词:海洋新兴产业 理论研究 回顾 述评
Theoretical study of Marine Emerging Industry:
Review and Comment
Juan Ding Xueqian Ge
Abstract: This article collected and analyzed the literatures of marine emerging industry since 1960s from different perspective. We found that: (1) The term of emerging industry is a relative concept in a certain time and space. To specify a marine emerging industry, we must pay attention to its geographical position and historical stage; (2) The evolution of marine emerging industries has promoted from demand-driven style to high-tech-driven style by different evolution path; (3) There are various factors affecting the development of marine emerging industries. Technological innovation and policy support are the two most important factors studied generally by domestic and foreign scholars; (4) Supportive government policies play a crucial role in the cultivation and development of marine emerging industries. But whether or not it plays a decisive role, domestic and foreign scholars have different points of view. Hope this review can provide some useful reference for China's ongoing marine research and economic practice.
Keywords: Marine Emerging Industry Theoretical Research Review Comment
JEL Classification: F13 L52
我国装备制造业技术创新路径的绩效演进——基于面板数据的实证分析
赵丰义 唐晓华
摘 要:运用面板数据计量模型实证分析了我国装备制造业技术创新路径的绩效演进。结果表明,从1996—2002年第一阶段到2003—2009年第二阶段,我国装备制造业自主技术创新能力及绩效显著提升,然而,基于国外技术的消化吸收虽然促进了产品创新却没有带来全要素生产率的提升,基于国内购买技术进行研发和基于国外引进技术消化吸收再创新均没有产生显著的专利创新绩效形成自主知识产权,我国装备制造业有效利用外部技术进行消化吸收再创新和集成创新的能力尚需加强。
关键词:装备制造业 技术创新路径 演进过程
Performance Evolution of Technological Innovation Paths for China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry
——An Empirical Analysis based on panel data
Fengyi Zhao Xiaohua Tang
Abstract: This paper analyzed the two stage evolution process of technological innovation paths’ performance of China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry using panel data econometric model. The result has shown that independent technological innovation capability of China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry has increased significantly from the first period between 1996 and 2002 to the second period between 2003 and 2009. However digestion and assimilation of imported technology only promote product innovation but not increase the total factor productivity. Technology innovation resulted from R&D based on domestic technology or from digestion and assimilation on imported technology did not have patent performance. The capability of assimilation innovation and integrated innovation utilizing outside technology is urgently in need of enhancement for China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry.
Keywords:Equipment Manufacturing Industry technological innovation paths evolution process
JEL Classification: L25 O32 C33 C51
信息披露、市场预期与国有商业银行的竞争策略——基于对称与非对称信息Stackelberg混合寡占模型的分析
侯晓辉 李成
摘 要:本文基于外资银行与国有商业银行之间的对称与非对称信息Stackelberg混合寡占模型,分别讨论了国有商业银行与外资银行对存款市场供给行情具有对称和非对称信息两种情况下,国有商业银行利用自己的“领先”地位选择一个可信的揽存数量计划,并将其披露给作为跟随者的外资银行,这将会对市场博弈的均衡结果产生哪些影响,以及国有商业银行能否利用自己的信息优势,通过影响外资银行的市场预期来提高其均衡利润水平等理论问题。研究发现,国有商业银行的信息披露将会给它带来“先动劣势”,但其可以通过影响外资银行的预期来增加自身的均衡利润水平。
关键词:产业组织 混合寡占模型 竞争策略 信息披露 市场预期
Information Disclosure, Market Expectation and the Competitive Strategy of State-owned Commercial Bank: Analysis base on the Symmetric and Asymmetric Information Stackelberg Mixed Oligopoly Models
Xiaohui Hou Cheng Li
Abstract: Based on the symmetric and asymmetric information Stackelberg mixed oligopoly models between state-owned commercial bank and foreign bank respectively, this paper aims to analyze the problems of information disclosure about the quantity of drawing deposit set by state-owned bank as the market leader in banking competition, and the conversion from the information advantage of state-owned commercial bank on the deposit supply to the competitive advantage in order to increase its equilibrium profit. It is shown that the information disclosure by state-owned bank will lead to first-move disadvantage; while the equilibrium profit can be improved by influencing the market expectation of foreign bank.
Keywords:IO Mixed Oligopoly Model Competitive Strategy Information Disclosure Market Expectation
市场结构与国有企业高管薪酬问题分析
汤吉军 郭砚莉
摘 要:企业高管薪酬结构是公司治理结构的一个重要的核心内容。企业高管薪酬的合理与否,高管的设计制度合理与否,直接影响企业生产力的提高、股东利益和经济发展。本文从完全竞争市场一般均衡假设前提出发,运用产业组织理论——市场结构理论严格区分产品市场和生产要素市场结构,从不完全市场结构角度探讨国有企业高管薪酬的和谐与冲突问题,破解当前关于国有企业高管薪酬过高的争论难题。一方面,从理论上确立理想化的和谐高管薪酬格局;另一方面,一旦偏离完全竞争市场,我们分析买方垄断或寡头垄断条件下的国有企业高管薪酬冲突状况,并不能简单地归咎于国有产权,在此基础上,我们提供一些改进国有企业高管薪酬状况的政策建议。必须在坚持市场化的基础上,将产权结构与市场结构有机结合起来,采取区别对待、分类指导原则,寻找满足效率和公平的政策建议,积极发挥国有企业弥补劳动市场失灵的作用,为进一步推进国有企业薪酬结构改革提供一种指导原则。
关键词:国有企业 市场结构 产权结构 薪酬结构
Market Structure and the Problem of the Executive Pay of State-Owned Enterprises
Jijun Tang Yanli Guo
Abstract:At present among the execute pay of state-owned enterprises,there exists serious income gap problems of managers which is closely associated with the imperfect market structure. From the perspective of the imperfect market structure,the paper analyzes the duopoly and monopsony market structure which the state-owned enterprises and managers face and the generation of the unfair income distribution,and points out the resolutions to the execute’s compensations behavior. Finally based on the analysis above,the paper proposes the related countermeasures to cope with, including property rights and pay structure,together with market structure perfection under the state enterprise corporate governance.
Keywords:State-Owned Enterprise Market Structure Property Structure Pay Structure
中国区域战略性新兴产业识别、发展竞争追随与经济增长均衡
江海潮
摘 要:战略性新兴产业识别是系统性的产业认知过程,是区域战略性新兴产业科学选择的前提和基础,是区域战略性新兴产业发展竞争追随的内在联系机制。战略性新兴产业发展竞争追随通过竞争学习和竞争拥挤机制,推动技术退化,带动传统产业发展,实现自身发展多样化,激励技术进步,对区域资本、消费、经济增长均衡、均衡路径、增长收敛速度有不对称影响。受地区产业识别、竞争追随、人口增长与就业分布、消费偏好与跨期替代、资本折旧、产业技术结构的共同影响,战略性新兴产业识别与竞争追随可能加剧地区经济非均衡性增长。
关键词:战略性新兴产业 竞争识别 竞争追随 竞争拥挤 增长均衡
Strategic–New-Industry Discerning, Competition Following of Development of Strategic–New-Industry and Equilibrium of Economic Growth
Haichao Jiang
Abstract: Strategic–new-industry discerning is systemic cognition process about industry, is foundation and precondition for choice of regional Strategic–new-industry development, and development competition following of Strategic–new-industry pushes degradation of Strategic–new-industry technology, drives tradition industry investment, promotes development diversification of Strategic–new-industry itself, stimulates technology progress, imposes asymmetrical influences on equilibrium of capital, consumption and GDP growth ,and equilibrium path and growth rate through the competition learning mechanism and competition crowding mechanism, which depends on comprehensive interaction of depth and patter of discerning and competition following of Strategic–new-industry development, population growth and population distribution, consumption preference and consumption substitution, capital deprecation, including industrial technology structure ,and so on. So, the concrete effects deriving from the discerning and competition following of Strategic–new-industry development will strengthens unbalanced growth of economy among different China’s regions.
Keywords: Strategic–new-industry Competition following Competition crowding Growth equilibrium
JEL Classification:L16 L52 O33