最佳信任:中小企业集群企业间信任关系动态演化研究
符正平 顾汉杰
摘 要:无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家,集群往往表现为信任过度或信任缺失。只有达到与集群发展阶段相适应的最佳信任,信任才能够为产业集群带来竞争优势。本文从产业集群理论和信任理论入手,将信任水平分为低级信任、中级信任和高级信任,并且从集群企业间互相依赖的角度提出产业集群内企业间最佳信任动态演化机制及相应命题。本文认为,当信任水平与依赖程度相互匹配的时候,集群内企业之间将达到最佳信任。最佳信任将随集群成长阶段的不同而发生动态演化。
关键词: 集群信任 最佳信任 动态演化
Optimal Trust:A Study on Dynamic Evolution of Interfirm Relations in SME Clusters
Fu Zhengping Gu Hanjie
Abstract: Previous studies have considered the trust of the industry cluster to be dynamic, but in the different stages of evolution, what level of trust is optimal is not given. Because of either lack of trust or too much trust, clusters often failed to achieve trust level which was consistent with the evolutionary process both in developed and developing countries. Therefore, this paper believes that only optimal trust can bring competitive advantage to the industry clusters. Based on theories of industry cluster and trust, this paper classifies trust into three levels: low trust, moderate trust and high trust, and then put forward a dynamic model of optimal trust in industry clusters and the corresponding propositions in the perspective of interfirm interdependence. This paper argues that when the level of trust and interdependence are matched, interfirm relations in cluster will reach optimal trust. As is a social network, cluster has complicated structures with abundant social ties, and organizations’ behaviors are deeply embedded in those social relations and structures.
Keywords: SME Cluster, Optimal Trust, Trust Evolution
JEL Classification:L14 C61 C71
中国航空运输业改革的路径研究
张孝梅 戚聿东
摘 要:从中国航空运输业改革30多年的实践看,改革虽然取得了巨大的成绩,但同时也伴随着很多矛盾和问题的出现。这些矛盾和问题的存在严重阻碍了我国航空运输业的进一步发展。航空运输业的竞争、产权、治理、运营、价格、规制等具体模式的选择以及改革的时序都极大地影响着我国航空运输业改革的进展和绩效。因此改革必须结合我国航空运输业的特殊性,以系统化的思路对产权模式、治理模式、竞争模式、运营模式、价格模式、规制模式等六大方面进行整体设计,渐进实施。
关键词: 航空运输业;垄断;改革模式;系统性
Path of China’s Air Transport Industry Reform
Zhang Xiaomei Qi Yudong
Abstract:The reform of China's air transport industry has more than 30 years of practice,although the reform has made great achievements,but also with the many contradictions and problems.The existence of these contradictions and problems seriously hinder the further development of China's air transport industry.Air transport industry competition,property rights,governance,operations,pricing,regulatory system and so specific model of selection and timing of reform in our country have greatly affected the progress of the reform of air transport industry.Therefore,reform must be combined with the particularity of China's air transport industry to systematic thinking on property rights model,governance model,competition model,business model,pricing model,mode of regulation six aspects of overall design,progressive implementation.
Keywords:China’s air transport;Monopoly;Modes of Reform;Systematism
JEL Classification: L49 L51 L93
专利联盟创新效应及形成研究动态
马大明 杜晓君 宋宝全
摘 要:近年来,专利联盟在国际产业竞争中的影响力不断扩大,且与事实技术标准设置的紧密结合,使其日趋成为高新技术产业化发展的主导模式。相关研究也随之呈现多元化趋势,由“竞争效应”研究为主导的范式,发展成为对包括“创新效应”和“形成困境”在内的“三大基本问题”的研究。本文对创新效应和形成困境两方面新兴专利联盟研究方向的动态进行了评述。介绍了最具代表性的理论模型,梳理了相关研究脉络,并就可能的研究发展方向提出了几点展望。以期把握西方国家的专利联盟理论及政策演变趋势,推动进我国专利联盟实践的发展。加强专利联盟建设,对提高我国企业自主研发积极性具有重大现实意义。
关键词:专利联盟;创新效应;研发投资;形成困境;序贯谈判
Research Progress of Patent Pools’ Competitive Effect
Ma Daming Du Xiaojun Song Baoquan
Abstract: In recent years, patent pools become more and more influential in international industrial competition. And due to close combining with de facto technique standard setting, patent pools become dominant paradigm of high-tech industry development. In the meantime, relative research presents a tendency of diversity, from the Competitive Effect predominant paradigm to “three fundamental issues” research which also including “innovation effect” and “coalition dilemma”. This paper reviewed the trend of two new research direction of patent pools, namely innovation effect and coalition dilemma. Introduced most representative theoretical model, carded the choroids of relative research, and prospected possible future important research direction. The purpose of this paper is grasping the theory and policy changing trend of western countries, and promoting the practice of patent pool in our country. Enhancing coalition of patent pools is very significant to boost the independent R&D positivity of Chinese enterprises.
Keywords:patent pools innovation effect R&D investment coalition dilemma sequential negotiation
JEL Classification:L15 L24 L44
横向合并单边效应的识别:一个评述
张 兴
摘 要:竞争对手之间的横向合并产生了单边效应,如果合并使得合并后的企业提价减产或表现出的竞争性减弱,而其他非合并企业不改变其竞争策略。单边效应是一种反竞争效应,应当予以反对。但如何在合并审查时成功地预测单边效应一直是困扰反垄断执法者的一个难题。本文首先介绍了横向合并导致单边效应的基本原理;而后讨论了评价单边效应发生的可能性和强度的方法或模型,并对这些方法或模型进行了分类;最后就运用这些方法或模型存在的问题进行了讨论。
关键词:横向合并 单边效应 识别模型 合并模拟 反垄断执法
Identifying Unilateral Effects of Horizontal Mergers: A Survey
Zhang Xing
Abstract:Horizontal mergers between direct competitors give rise to unilateral effects, if they cause the merged firm to charge a higher price, lower output, otherwise act less intensely competitive, while non-merging rivals do not alter their strangies. As an anticompetitve effect, unilateral effect should be against. However, it is difficult for antitrust enforcers to predict unilateral effects successfully in merger reviews. This paper first introduces the basic intuitions of unilateral effects resulting from horizontal mergers, and then describes several approaches or models that have been developed to gauge the likelihood and/or magnitude of unilateral effects, and classifies them. At last it discusses the problems when those approaches or models are applied.
Keywords:Horizontal Merger Unilateral Effects Identifying Models Merger Simulation Antitrust Enforcement
JEL Classification: L40 C15
我国农村内部居民收入差距的实证分析
陈东 刘金东
摘 要:现有关于收入差距的研究,多强调城乡收入差距问题,对于农村居民收入差距及其影响因素却一直鲜有研究。事实上,农村内部的收入差距问题日趋严重和恶化。本文首先从地区角度和收入来源角度对农村收入差距进行分解,发现我国农村居民收入差距主要来自区域之间收入差距的影响,且东部地区的贡献率大大高于中西部地区。其次,本文采用2000~2008年河北、山东、湖南、四川、西藏等15个省的相关数据建立面板数据模型检验发现,非农活动及收入、农村教育、产业结构等均为影响农村收入差距的关键因素。
关键词:收入差距 分解分析 非农活动及收入
The Empirical Analysis on the Rural Residents’ Income Gap in China
Chen Dong Liu Jindong
Abstract: The rural residents’ income gap in China has been increasing day by day, and has become the important factor that affects the income gap between urban and rural areas and even the national income gap. However, more attention was paid to income gap between urban and rural areas, and there are few studies on the rural residents’ income gap. This paper firstly makes decomposition analysis from the regional angle and income-source angle to find that rural residents income gap of China mainly comes from the income gap between regions. Meanwhile, eastern region contributes far more than central and western regions. Secondly, using the data of Hebei, Shandong etc. 15 provinces from 2000-2008, this paper establishes a panel data model and empirically analyses the influencing factors of rural income gap. The empirical results show that non-agricultural activities and income, rural education, and industrial structure are critical factors that affect rural income gap.
Keywords: Rural Income Gap; Decomposition Analysis; Non-agricultural Activities and Income
JEL Classifications:C43 H31 R11
中国装备制造业“先进性”发展水平研究
——基于系统评价模型的实证分析
张丹宁 唐晓华
摘 要:振兴装备制造业已经成为中国“走新型工业化道路”发展战略的一个重要方面。在后金融危机时代,我国再次强调要做大做强“先进装备制造业”。在对装备制造业“先进性”内涵和特征进行分析的基础上,本文构建了包括“经济高效性”、“技术前沿性”、“组织管理科学性”、“发展模式可持续性”和“产业安全保障性”在内的指标体系,提出并应用“随机模拟型系统评价方法”对我国7个装备制造业行业2005年至2007年的先进性发展水平进行了实证研究,据此,本文提出了“强均衡性”、“弱均衡性”、“强非均衡性”和“弱非均衡性”的先进性发展形态。
关键词: 装备制造业 先进性水平 随机模拟型评价方法 面板数据
Advanced Nature Level of Chinese Equipment Manufacturing Industry
—Empirical Study Based on Systematic Evaluation Model
Zhang Danning Tang Xiaohua
Abstract:Revitalizing equipment manufacturing industry is an important facet of Chinese new path of industrialization. And running advanced equipment manufacturing industry big and strong is emphasized in the period of after-financial crisis. Based on the definitions and characteristics of advanced nature, an index system is built including five main indexes, high economy efficiency, advanced technology, scientific organizational management, sustainable development mode and industry security. The stochastic simulation solution method of comprehensive evaluation is used to do the empirical study on seven equipment manufacturing industries from the year of 2005 to 2007 in the paper. Based on the evaluation results, four forms of seven equipment industries’ advanced nature development are put forward in the paper including strong-equilibrium, weak-equilibrium, strong-disequilibrium and weak- disequilibrium.
Keywords:Equipment manufacturing industry The level of advanced nature Systematic Evaluation Panel data
JEL Classification: L64 C82
城市化对中国能源消费的影响机制研究
黄飞雪 靳 玲
摘 要:为了揭示中国城市化过程中的能源消费特点,通过建立STR模型将城市化对能源消费的非线性影响进行描述,实证结果表明:(1)城市化不同时期水平的发展对能源的影响不同。处在城市化发展中期的中国,城市化发展速度对能源消费的影响不仅具有当期效应,还具有累积的效应。(2)随着城市化水平的不断提高,城市化水平的增长速度要想进一步提高,付出的能源代价也是不断增加。(3)城市化导致中国生产能源和生活能源消费的同时增加。中国城市化对能源消费的加速作用主要源于中国产业的重化工,而技术进步则部分抵消掉了这种加速作用。建议为保持合理适度的城市化增长率,调整能源消费结构,提高能源利用效率。
关键词:非线性平滑转换回归(STR)模型;城市化;能源消费;机制转换
Mechanism of Impact of Urbanization on Energy Consumption in China
Huang Feixue Jin Ling
Abstract: In order to reveal the process of urbanization in China's energy consumption characteristics, through the establishment of STR models of urbanization on energy consumption, non-linear effects described, result find out: (1)In different stages of development of urbanization development level of urbanization has different impact mechanics on energy consumption; (2)With the continuous improvement of the urbanization level, energy cost is changing in order to further improve the growth rate of the urbanization level. (3)Urbanization has caused China's energy consumption increased in both production and living. The main cause of China’s accelerated energy consumption is that the leadership of industry in China is changing to the heavy industry, while technological advances are part of the offset effect of this acceleration. Energy consumption structure should be adjusted and the energy efficiency should be improved. The rate of the urbanization must be appropriate.
Keywords: Urbanization; Energy Consumption; Mechanisms Conversion; Smooth Transition Regression(STR) Model;
JEL Classification: Q50 E21 P25
高管规模与公司业绩:来自中国上市公司的证据
覃家琦
摘 要: 本文以高层梯队理论、组织设计经济学、新制度企业理论为基础,提出公司当期业绩与当期高管规模呈倒U关系以及当期高管规模受前期公司业绩影响两个研究假设,并以2006-2008年中国上市公司为样本对两个假设进行了实证检验,结果两个假设均获得良好支持。进一步的分析表明,在现有控制变量水平条件下,样本公司要想达到业绩最大化,对应的最优高管规模为14人,最优业绩为4.7%左右;实际高管规模平均值为6人左右,业绩平均值为3.9%,表明样本公司尚未达到最优高管规模和企业边界,业绩尚存在提升空间。而在现有业绩水平和控制变量水平条件下,样本公司理论上所需要的高管规模小于实际水平,表明样本公司存在高管冗余。
关键词:高管规模;公司业绩;倒U关系
Top Management Team Size and Corporate Performance: Evidence from China’s Listed Companies
Qin Jiaqi
Abstract:Based on upper echelons theory, economics of organization design, and firm theory of new-institutionalism, we build two hypotheses that the current corporate performance has inverted u-shaped relationship with top management team (TMT) size, and TMT size has positive relationship with prior corporate performance. Using a panel data of China’s listed companies from 2006 to 2008, we empirically test these two hypotheses and find that they both are well supported. Further study shows that, when holding the level of control variables of examples constant, the optimal TMT size will be about 14 persons to maximize corporate ROA, and the corresponding optimal ROA will be about 4.7%. However, the average TMT size of examples is about 6 persons, and average ROA is 3.9%, which show that the examples haven’t reach optimal TMT size and firm boundary, and their performance have great space to improve. When holding the exiting performance and control variables constant, we find that the theoretical needed TMT size is smaller than the real average size, which means that there exit TMT slack in examples.
Keywords:Top Management Team Size; Corporate Performance; Inverted U-shaped Relationship
JEL Classification:G34; L22
钢铁产业的需求与重组效应分析
何记东 史忠良
摘 要: 由于经济持续增长的过程中工业化所处的阶段和城镇化战略的推行,我国对钢铁产业需求是几近无弹性的。铁矿石供应的垄断性和钢铁产品市场的竞争性,使铁矿石厂商在垄断的前提下通过钢铁生产厂商竞争性出价获得垄断高价,在钢铁产品的需求市场又由于竞争使钢铁生产商获得竞争性低价。我国钢铁产业的重组只能改变国内市场结构,并没有改变市场需求,重组不能改变钢铁企业规模短期内的非最优化,也不能根本改变铁矿石的价格;重组可能使特大型钢铁企业获得垄断地位,并使社会总福利降低和产生排挤民营企业的影响。
关键词:钢铁产业 需求 重组效应
A Study on Demand of Iron and Steel Industry and Effect of Merge and Acquisition
He Jidong Shi Zhongliang
Abstract: Demand of steel industry is almost inelastic because the process of industrialization and urbanization during the sustainable growth of China economy. Because of monopoly of iron ore and competitive of product of iron and steel, supplier gains price of monopoly through the competition of bid of steel producers and steel producer gains the competitive price of iron and steel. Merge and acquisition of China steel industry can only change the domestic market structure, not market demand. And even not change use of the optimizational scale in short period. Merge and acquisition alse cannot change the price of iron ore. And bring the chance of price-over marginal cost and double marginal cost to monopoly. Monopoly lessens social welfare and expels private enterprise.
Keywords:Iron and Steel Industry Demand Merge and Acquisition Effect
JEL Classification: L11; L14