产业转移与资源的空间配置效应研究
张公嵬 梁 琦
摘 要:本文以产业的赫芬达尔指数、区位商与产业的绝对份额三个指标综合测度我国产业的转移程度,发现劳动密集型产业在2004年以后加快了转移步伐,但总体的大规模产业区域间转移还未发生,其中“省内转移——区域内转移——区域间转移”的梯度转移模式以及“反方向转移”是这种表现的重要原因。利用随机前沿生产模型测算区域产业全要素生产率来反映产业转移效应,发现中西部地区TFP增长率平均高于沿海地区5-6个百分点。最后,探讨了我国发展劳动密集型产业的持续性和可行性。
关键词: 产业转移 配置效应 全要素生产率 单位劳动成本
The Study of Industry Transfer and the Spacial Allocative Effect of Resources
Zhang Gongwei Liang Qi
Abstract: By the indicators of industrial Herfindahl index, location entropy and industrial absolute shares, this paper measures synthetically the degree of industry transfer. We find that industry transfer was getting faster after 2004, but massively transfer today still never happened in the labor-intensive industries in China. The grads transfer pattern of “transfer within the province---intraregional transfer ---interregional transfer” and “reverse direction transfer” are the major cause of this phenomenon. In this paper, we use industrial total factor productivity (TFP)reflecting industrial transfer effect by a stochastic frontier production function model and find that the TFP’ growth with an average annual growth rate of 5-6 percent higher in central region and western region than coastal areas. Finally, we explore the possibility and practicability of the labor-intensive industrial transfer in China.
Keywords: Industry Transfer Allocative Effect Total Factor Productivity Unit Labor Cost
JEL Classification: L16 L52 L61
生产者责任延伸、废物再利用与政策工具选择:基于产品生命周期的一个考察
田海峰 孙广生 李凯
摘 要:本文建立了一个简化的一般均衡模型,将产品的可循环性指标纳入产品的制造决策,考察促进“生产者责任延伸”的各种政策安排。分析表明:在不存在循环市场失灵情况下,庇古税就可以达到社会福利最大化。但如果存在非法处置,庇古税失效,押金-退款、投入与产出税替代、附带产品税的标准管制可以作为替代方案。使分散决策恢复社会最优水平的政策安排不是唯一的,但这些政策能够发挥促进“生产者责任延伸”作用的必要条件是要能同时兼顾产出效应和替代效应。当循环市场的价格传递机制失灵时,政策安排更为复杂,庇古税与其他替代方案(如押金-退款)是互补的而不是替代关系。
关键词:生产者责任延伸 废物再利用 环境政策
Extended Producer Responsibility, Waste Recycling and Policies Selection: An Analysis Based on Product Life
Tian Haifeng Sun Guangsheng Li Kai
Abstract: A simple general equilibrium model incorporating recyclability decision is build to analyze the policies prompting EPR. It indicates that while recycling market function perfectly, Pigovian tax can reach social optimal. However, if illegal dispose exists, Pigovian tax can not function and substitute schemes, such as deposit-refund, input and output tax substitute, content standard attended output tax, must be selected. The policies which can reach social optimal are not unique. These policies can take effect only when they give birth to both output effect and substitution effect. If transaction cost results in price transmitting mechanism failure in recycling market, policies become more complicated because Pigovian tax and other policies(such as deposit-refund)may be complementation not substitution.
Keywords:Extended Producer Responsibility Waste Recycling Environmental Policies
JEL Classification: H21 Q28 Q38
最优政府研发资助规模及资助企业选择——基于中国行业异质性的门槛回归分析
李 平 王春晖
摘 要:政府研发资助是引导和调控企业技术创新的重要手段。本文运用系统广义矩估计和门槛回归方法,采用2001-2008年中国37个行业的面板数据对政府研发资助政策的有效性及行业差异进行了实证分析。结果表明我国政府研发资助有效激励了企业研发动机的提高,对企业研发投入并不存在挤出效应;政府研发资助的行业差异较为显著:技术密集型行业的政府资助激励效应最强,资本密集型和资源密集型行业次之,对劳动密集型行业的激励效果不显著,最优的研发资助水平也存在显著的行业差异;此外,在不同的技术外溢强度下,政府研发资助对企业研发的激励作用呈现显著的区间效应,外溢性越大,激励作用越强越有效。
关键词:政府研发资助;企业研发投入;行业异质性;门槛效应
The Optimal Level of Public Direct Subsidies to Business R&D and the Targeted Project Select:
a Threshold Regression Analysis Based on the Industrial Heterogeneity
Li Ping Wang Chunhui
Abstract:Public subsidy is an important policy instrument to promote business innovation. Considering the industrial heterogeneity, this paper analyzes the effect of public R&D subsidy with empirical evidences of 37 industries in China during 2001-2008. After using GMM and threshold regression techniques, the empirical results suggest that public R&D subsidy has no crowding-out effect on business innovation as a whole, but there are still differences in the contribution of degree to the various industries of China: technology-intensive industry occupies first place, capital-intensive and resource-intensive industry second, the effect on labor-intensive industry isn’t significant, and the optimal level has industrial difference too. In addition, the relationship between public subsidy and the business R&D exists threshold effects in different technology spillover intensity, the more the spillover is, the effect is stronger.
Keywords:Public R&D Subsidy Business Innovation Industrial Heterogeneity Threshold Effect
JEL Classification: E62 L31 O32
股权结构与信息披露质量:来自证券分析师盈余预测特征的证据
高明华 蔡卫星曾诚
摘 要:本文利用2007年中国A股上市公司的相关数据,使用证券分析师盈余预测特征作为信息披露质量的代理变量,从股权集中和股权制衡的角度,探讨了股权结构与信息披露质量之间的关系。我们的研究发现,上市公司股权集中度与证券分析师关注度和证券分析师盈余预测准确度之间存在着显著的正向线性关系,不同性质控股股东控制的上市公司子样本中都存在着这种正向关系,这说明股权集中度高的大股东对信息披露质量的影响更多的是正向的监督效应;股权制衡对证券分析师关注度和证券分析师盈余预测准确度均不存在统计意义上的显著影响,这说明中国上市公司的外部大股东并没有发挥向控股股东和管理层提供有效监督进而改善公司信息披露质量的作用。本文的研究从信息披露质量的视角进一步深化了有关股权结构治理效率的已有认识。
关键词:股权结构 信息披露质量 分析师盈余预测
Ownership Structure and Quality of Disclosure: Evidence from the Characteristics of Analyst Forecasts
Gao Minghua Cai Weixing Zeng Cheng
Abstract:Using the data of A-share companies in 2007, this paper discusses the relationship between the ownership structure and the quality of disclosure measured by characteristics of the analysts’ earnings forecasts. We find that, there is a positively linear relation between corporate ownership concentration and analysts following and accuracy of analyst earnings forecasts respectively, and the positive relation holds for all groups. This result indicates that the largest shareholders with concentrated ownership have more efficiency in monitoring managers. In the meantime, the influence of outside blockholders to financial analysts following and accuracy of analyst earnings forecasts is not statistically significant. This results support that the outside shareholders of Chinese listed companies can not effectively monitor the controlling shareholders and managers, and improve the quality of disclosure. This study extends research in corporate governance.
Keywords:Ownership Structure Quality of Disclosure Analyst Forecasts
JEL Classification: G30 G14
我国高技术产业研发效率空间相关性及其影响因素分析——基于省级面板数据的研究
余泳泽 武鹏
摘 要:本文采用随机前沿方法测算了1996~2007年中国高技术产业研发效率,并对其空间相关性进行了分析。得出了以下结论:我国高技术产业研发效率整体较低,均值仅为0.268,但是呈稳步增长趋势,并且表现出了一定的空间差异性。在2000年后研发效率表现出了一定的空间相关性。在研发效率的影响因素中,制度因素、企业规模因素和企业在技术消化吸收经费上的支出对于高技术产业研发效率有正影响,而政府政策支持没有使研发效率得到有效的提高,企业的经营绩效的变动则对研发效率没有明显的影响。
关键词: 高技术产业 研发效率 空间相关性
The Spatial Correlation Research on R&D Efficiency and its Impacts of China's High-tech Industry
Yu Yongze Wu Peng
Abstract: This paper adopted Stochastic Frontier Analysis to measure the R&D efficiency and its spatial correlation of China's high-tech industry in 1996~2007 with provincial panel data. Analytical result show that the overall R&D efficiency of high-tech industry is not high, but it is steadily increasing. It is relatively a big discrepancy during different area. After 2000,there is a spatial correlation of R&D efficiency. Market force,the size of firm,and the spending on the digestion and absorption of technology have a positive impact on R&D efficiency of high-tech industries. But government support has a negative affect, and the enterprise's own performance is uncertain.
Keywords: High-tech Industry R&D Efficiency Spatial Correlation
JEL Classification: L52 O32
集聚还是分散——兼论中国区域协调发展的策略
赵 祥
摘 要:本文利用我国中类和小类行业数据所进行的实证分析发现产业集聚是影响我国城镇居民收入差距的Granger原因,产业集聚效应在促进中心区经济增长的同时,也会导致“中心——外围”地区之间的收入差距。城镇居民收入差距也是决定我国工业空间分布不均衡的Granger原因,“产业集聚——收入差距”循环累积因果链的确存在。产业集聚会在特定时期内导致地区收入差距的扩大,但这种影响会在未来某个时点发生逆转。目前我国绝大多数工业部门尚未达到最优集聚规模,产业集聚效应在我国尚未得到充分地发挥,产业的地方化集聚仍有进一步扩大的动力。基于以上发现,目前我国区域协调发展策略的关键是,要在推动产业高效集聚的过程中解决区域发展不平衡的问题。
关键词:产业集聚、区域收入差距、集聚规模
To Cluste or Disperse——A Study on Strategy Choice of Regional Balanced Development in China
Zhao Xiang
Abstract: Based on the data of SIC-3 and SIC-4 industries, the paper shows that Industrial agglomeration is the Granger reason to determine regional income gap,The agglomeration effect significantly helps to promote economic growth,and thereby broadening regional income gap. Regional gap of urban residents income is also the Granger reason to affect industrial agglomeration. The cumulative circular causation of industrial agglomeration and regional income gap works indeed in practice. Although industrial agglomeration can intensify regional income gap in certain period, it helps to narrow regional income gap in the long run. Most of industries haven’t reached the maximum of agglomeration scale yet in China, and there is still room to give full play to the agglomeration effect.These findings suggest that the unbalanced problem of regional development in China should be solved by promoting the further efficient industry clustering.
Keywords:Industrial Agglomeration Rigional Income Gap Agglomeration Scale
JEL Classification:R11 R12 L60
企业管理传承性创新的理论与经验研究
——基于资源基础理论的分析视角
唐晓华 赵丰义
摘 要:在经济社会发展过程中存在严重的忽视历史传承的问题。本文基于资源基础理论进行分析表明,以充分利用和传承现有资源为基础的传承性创新是企业获得持续性竞争优势的最优创新路径;由于企业长期发展形成的组织惯性以及由此产生的线性管理过程不能胜任偏离原有线性轨迹的根本性创新活动,使得传承性创新陷入困境,而动态能力理论为管理传承性创新困境提供了方案;进而创新困境管理的研究成果从实证角度表明,企业可以通过有效的组织设计管理传承性创新的困境,传承性创新具有实践上的可行性。
关键词:资源基础理论 动态能力 传承性创新 创新困境管理
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis on Firm’s Inheritance Innovation Management
—A New Perspective Based on Resource-based Theory
Tang Xiaohua Zhao Fengyi
Abstract:There is serious neglect of history inheritance in social and economic development. Basing on Resource-Based Theory, this paper analyzed to indicate that inheritance innovation which can fully exploit and inherit existing resources and capabilities is the optimal firm innovation path which enables it to obtain sustainable comparative advantage. Because organizational inertia and its linear management progress are not suitable for radical innovation, inheritance innovation falls into dilemma. Fortunately, the theory of dynamic capability provided solution to this dilemma. Furthermore, researches on innovation dilemma management empirically testified that firms can manage the dilemma of inheritance innovation through adaptive organization design and inheritance innovation is practically feasible.
Keywords:Resource-Based Theory Dynamic Capability Inheritance Innovation Innovation Dilemma Management
JEL Classification:L20 M21 O31
我国地方政府负债及其法律规制
魏 俊 李 兖
摘 要:虽然我国法律对于地方政府负债持禁止态度,但当前很多地方政府高额负债已经成为无法回避的现实,加大了政府面临的经济风险,甚至政治风险;我国地方政府高额负债既有面对现实体制的无奈,也有现行政绩观下的冲动。从经济和法律角度讲,地方政府负债具有适法的逻辑前提,但负债与发行债券并非同一范畴。面对地方政府高额负债的现实,我们应该实事求是地去面对,而不能一味回避,要在解决适法性基础上,化堵为疏,最终将地方政府负债纳入法治轨道,使其真正成为法律制约下的一种规范行为。
关键词:地方财政;预算法;政府负债
On the Local Government Debt and Its Legal Regulation in China
Wei Jun Li Yan
Abstract :Although the local government is prohibited from the indebtedness by law in china, many of the local governments actually have high level of debts .These has increased the economic and political risks of the local governments.The reasons for China's high level of debts are not only the present governments system, but also the view of performance. On points of economic and legal, the indebtedness of local governments have the appropriate reason in law, but indebtedness is different from bond.On the fact of the local government's high debts, we should make it be regulated in law,not only simply avoid.
Keywords:Local Finance Budgeting Law Government Debt
JEL Classification: H27 H57 H63
技术创新策略比较与实证检验
于 珍
摘 要:了解不同的技术创新策略,选择正确的技术创新方式对中国提高技术创新能力有重要意义。本文用博弈方法分析了创新赶超模式和创新集群模式,发现创新集群策略比创新赶超策略对实现技术追赶更容易。以高技术产业为对象进行实证检验,发现在高技术产业创新中存在着集群创新和赶超创新两种模式,在创新赶超模式中,单位专利与研究经费投入比值大于创新集群模式。用聚类分析方法对不同区域高技术产业的创新投入(人员、资金)与创新产出专利分析,发现创新集群按指标中存在明显的4类;分析研究经费与专利量关系,发现存在技术创新赶超模式。计量结果表明专利量与技术创新投入有显著关系,与创新人员没有显著关系。
关键词: 技术创新策略 创新赶超 创新集群
Theoretical Comparison and Empirical Test on Technology Innovation Strategies
Yu Zhen
Abstract: It is very important for China to enhance technological innovation and to achieve technological catch up by understanding different innovation strategies and choosing the right technology ways. In this paper, game theory is used to analyze the catch up and cluster patterns of innovation; the result shows that it is easier by using innovation cluster strategy than catch up strategy for the achievement of technological catch-up. High-tech industry as an object used in empirical test, it finds that there are two kinds of modes---clustering innovation and catching up innovation. The ratio of patent and research funds inputs is greater in catch up mode than that in the cluster mode. Analysis on the high-tech industry innovation inputs (staff, funds) and patents in different regions by using cluster method, it finds that it has 4 obvious categories by indicator of innovation; after examination relationship of the patent and the inputs of research, it points that it exists a technical innovation catching up mode. Econometric model results show that the volume of patents has a significant relationship with research fund input and no significant relationship with personnel; in the article it gives policy recommendations to promote and catch up on technology innovation.
Keywords:Innovation Strategies Innovation Catching-up Innovation Clustering
JEL Classification: L25 C33 C72