产业组织演化内涵:对还原论方法的超越
原毅军 逯笑微
摘 要:新古典经济学所遵循的还原论方法的核心概念是竞争和静态均衡。以演化的视角来看,这种线性连续的、较为理想的方式,只是诸多演进模式中的一种。产业组织演化研究注重过程分析,将初始状态演进至另一状态的路径、特征、规律以及结果的多样性等都纳入研究体系中,是对以新古典经济学思想为核心的传统产业组织理论的超越。
关键词:还原论方法;产业组织演化;系统论;生物演化
The Intention of Evolution of Industrial Organization: Challenge to Reductionism Method
Yuan Yijun Lu Xiaowei
Abstract:The core conception of the reductionism method of new classical economics is competition and equilibrium. From the visual angle of evolution, the successive and ideal mode is one of the evolutional modes. Researchers of evolution of industrial organization pay more attention to process analysis. The path, character, rule and diversity of results from original condition to another are included in research system of evolution of industrial organization. It is the challenge to reductionism method.
电煤价格放开与煤电纵向关系选择
刘冰 张广现
摘要:本文构建了一个包括2个上游企业和2个下游企业的煤电纵向关系模型,并分析了不同纵向关系结构下均衡结果和不同评价原则下最优煤电纵向关系形式选择结果。结果显示,煤电纵向关系形式选择的决定因素是,政府的评价原则和对应的政策取向,以及煤电产业链盈利能力。根据煤电产业链特性,给出了不同评价原则下最优的煤电纵向关系形式。
关键词:煤电关系;纵向一体化;古诺模型
On Coal-electricity Vertical Relationship
when Deregulating Coal Price
Liu Bing Zhang Guangxian
Abstract: This paper develops a coal-electricity vertical relationship model with two upstream firms and two downstream firms, and solves it for different vertical relationships. The results are then compared in terms of different evaluation criteria. The comparison suggests that government evaluation criteria and industry chain profitability are the main determinants of coal-electricity vertical relationship. Finally this paper identifies the coal-electricity industry chain characters and achieves the optimal vertical relationships in different evaluation criteria.
Keywords:coal-electricity relationship; vertical integration; Cournot duopoly model
JEL Classification: L13 L42 L51
文化、制度与经济增长
蔡银寅 杜 凯
摘 要:本文认为,文化和制度的主要区别在于是否使用强制手段获得规范。大尺度地考察,文化和既有制度具有相同的历史渊源,文化的本质是失去强制力过往制度的沉淀和衰变。同时,在任一时点上,新生制度的产生都是人类集体边际选择的结果,这体现了新生制度与文化和既有制度的博弈。文化和既有制度具有内在稳定性,成为约束新生制度的主要力量,我们称之为文化墙和制度网。新生制度带来的经济增长只有形成了有效的补偿,才能保证其运作的效率,这就是改革的阻力有大小之分原因。来源于中国传统生育文化和计划生育的数据将帮助我们证明这些命题。
关键词:文化 制度 经济增长
Culture, Institutions and Economic Growth
Cai Yinyin Du Kai
Abstract: In this paper, culture is defined a disintegration of institutions. Institutions provide the incentive structure of an economy; as that structure evolves, it shapes the direction of economic change towards growth, stagnation, or decline. With the influence of culture, a new institution set up must be along with constrains and a fast economic growth. Otherwise, it will be non-effective. By lucky coincidence, the policy of “family planning” in China proves these issues.
Keywords:culture institutions economic growth
JEL Classification: Z10 P52
有效率的专利联盟定价权分配
杜晓君 马大明 苑莹
摘 要:本文在互补专利联盟框架下引入定价权分配的考虑,构建了一个完全信息动态博弈模型,求得不同情况下的均衡。在此基础上分析了专利联盟定价权分配对联盟形成及社会福利的影响,并给出实践中联盟定价权有效率的分配规则。研究表明:相对无联盟情况,互补专利联盟总会提高社会福利;定价权由纵向一体化企业掌握的专利联盟能够更大幅度提高社会福利,但在一定市场条件下无法形成;相反,定价权由专业R&D企业掌握的专利联盟提高社会福利的作用较弱,但联盟形成不受市场条件影响。
关键词:专利联盟;定价权分配;联盟形成;社会福利
Study on Pricing Power Distribute of Patent Pools
Du Xiaojun Ma Daming Yuan Ying
Abstract:This paper introduced the factor of pricing power distribute into the model of complementary patent pool, constructed a two-stage dynamic game with perfect information, and educed equilibriums in different conditions. On this basis, we analyzed the effect of patent pool pricing power distribute on pool coalition and social welfare, and gave out the efficient pricing power distribute of patent pool in practice. It shows that: comparing with the situation of no-pool, a complementary patent pool always enhance social welfare; pools whose pricing power mastered by vertical integrated firms can enhance social welfare further, but may not come into being in some market condition; in reverse, social welfare enhancing effect of pools whose pricing power mastered by R&D firms are comparatively weak, but their coalition can’t affected by market conditions.
Keywords: patent pools pricing power distribute pool coalition social welfare
JEL Classification:L15 L24 L44
不同所有制部门工资差异的行业分布特征分析
薛欣欣
摘 要:本文利用微观调查数据对不同所有制部门工资差异在不同行业间的分布情况进行了分析。分析结果显示,在竞争性行业,劳动力在国有部门和非国有部门基本实现了同工同酬,工资差异的98.78%可以由劳动力的个体禀赋特征差异来解释,溢价仅占总差异的1.22%。而在垄断性行业中,国有部门与非国有部门的工资差异有76.5%是由于市场无法解释的制度性因素造成的,由于个人禀赋不同带来的工资差异仅占23.5%。分位数分解结果显示,在竞争性行业,处于工资分布两端的高技能人才与低技能劳动力在国有部门似乎还是不能得到市场化的待遇,前者倾向于被过低支付,后者倾向于被过高支付。但这种影响也都不显著,不足以对市场运行效率产生太大影响。在垄断性行业,国有部门的劳动力普遍享有更多的制度性工资优惠。
关键词:工资差异 所有制 竞争性行业 垄断性行业
Empirical Analysis on Industrial Distribution Characteristics
of Wage Differentials among Different Ownership Sectors
Xue Xinxin
Abstract: This paper studies China’s wage differentials of state-owned sector and non state-owned sector in competitive industries and non-competition industries using household survey data. The result shows in competitive industries equal work are almost paid eqully. 98.78 percent of wage differentials are explained by the difference of labors’endowments, only 1.22 percent are explained by premium. While in non-competition industries there are 76.5 percent of wage differentials unexplained by market factors, only 23.5 percent can be explained by the difference of labor endowments. Machado-Mata qauntile decomposition demonstrates in the competitive industries the two types of labors——high skilled and unskilled who are respectively at the top and low tail of wage distribution still cannot receive the market-oriented treatment. The former inclined to be low paid, and the latter to be high paid. While the inclination is not significant, which can’t influence the market efficiency very much. In non-competitive industries labors in the state-owned sector generally enjoy much more wage premium.
Keywords:Wage Differentials Ownership Competitive Industries Monopolistic Industries
JEL Classification: C13 J31 J49
产业集群对区域经济的危害
蔡琳 何青松
摘 要:近年来,产业集群已成为经济理论界与政策制定者所关注的焦点,集群似乎成为有百利而无一害的经济发展模式。本文认为,在一定条件下,集群对区域经济发展可能产生不利的一面:集群可能阻碍企业创新、缩小企业利润空间,集群衰退可能造成区域产业空洞化。只有认识到这些,才能对集群做出客观的评价。最后,本文提出需要进一步研究的问题。
关键词:产业集群 集群衰败 创新
Industrial Clusters’ Damage to Regional Economic Development
Cai Lin He Qingsong
Abstract: In recent years, academe and policy makers paid much attention to industrial clusters which seem to have many advantages while no disadvantage. To appraise industrial clusters objectively, this paper mainly discusses clusters’ disadvantages on three aspects: clusters may block the enterprise’s innovation, reduce enterprises’ profits and their decays damage regional economies by causing industrial inanition. This paper puts forward some questions which need to be researched.
Keywords:Industrial Clusters Industrial Clusters Decay Innovation
JEL Classification: L11 L14 L25
科研投入、制造业基础与发展中国家加工贸易的产业升级
丁蕾
摘 要: 本文在Feenstra的要素连续统模型的基础上,引入科研投入和制造业基础因素,讨论发展中国家加工贸易的产业升级问题。文章采用1992~2007年13个发展中国家的面板数据进行的实证研究发现,20世纪90年代以来,发展中国家加工贸易产业升级的主要影响因素是其制造业基础和科研投入,FDI的推动作用不明显。同时,实证研究还发现,低质量的制度环境会阻碍一国加工贸易的产业升级,但达到平均水平后,制度环境质量继续提升对加工贸易产业升级促进作用的发挥就必须以制造业基础或科研投入的扩大为前提。
关键词: 加工贸易 产业升级发展中国家 要素连续统
The Upgrading of Processing Trade Industry in Developing Countries: R&D Input and Manufacturing Basis
Ding Lei
Abstract:Based on Feenstra’s continuum of inputs model, we introduce factors as R&D input and manufacturing basis to analyze the upgrading of processing trade industry in developing countries. Empirical study using panel data of 13 developing countries from 1992 to 2007 shows that: since the 1990s, the upgrading of processing trade industry in developing countries is mainly driven by R&D input and manufacturing basis, FDI inflow to those countries does not play an important role. Meanwhile, low quality of institution hinders the upgrading process, but above average level, further increasing of institution quality could only promote the upgrading process with the support of R&D Input or Manufacturing basis.
Keywords: Processing Trade Industrial Upgrading Developing Countries Continuum of Inputs Model.
JEL Classification: F14 F40
转型时期居民文教娱乐消费的收入弹性分析
鲁婧颉
摘 要:转型时期,居民收入提高的同时,文教娱乐消费支出也在不断增加。文教娱乐支出的变化在一定程度上能够反映居民消费结构的变化,是居民生活质量甚至是生活方式改变的重要指标。本文利用ELES模型,采用全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的截面数据对城乡居民文教娱乐的边际消费倾向和收入弹性进行估计,结果表明我国居民文教娱乐边际消费倾向总体呈上升趋势,城乡居民文教娱乐消费的收入弹性已经由小于1过渡到大于1,居民对文教娱乐消费需求的增长速度大于收入的增长速度。
关键词:文教娱乐消费 ELES 边际消费倾向 收入弹性
The Analysis of Income Elasticity of Consumption in Cultural, Education and Recreation Services in Transitional China
Lu Jingjie
Abstract:Changes in consumption of cultural, education and recreation services can to some extent reflect changes in consumers’ consumption structure. The level of consumption is the key index to measure people’s living quality. With the increase in consumers’ income in transitional China, the expenditure in Cultural, Education and Recreation Services increases as well. The paper uses ELES model to estimate the marginal propensity of consume and income elasticity of such consumption with cross-sectional data from 31 provinces of China. The results show that the MPC rises in the sample period, and the income elasticity has been over 1, implying that the speed of demand for Cultural, Education and Recreation Services to both urban and rural residents goes faster than that of income.
Keywords:Consumption in Cultural Education and Recreation Services ELES MPC Income Elasticity
JEL Classification:E21 O18
转型期我国城镇居民衣着消费行为升级的实证分析
李剑
摘 要:本文首次采用时间序列数据对转型时期我国城镇居民的衣着消费行为进行了实证分析,发现:城镇居民对衣着的需求在经历了1981-1992年数量型增长阶段后,自1993年进入了追求时装化、名牌化、个性化的阶段,衣着消费不再是单纯的对基本生存资料的消费,它同时也是人们追求美的享受,展现自我个性的过程,这一时期人们对衣着的消费受收入的影响逐渐减小,对价格的波动变得越来越敏感,而上一期衣着消费的波动对当期衣着支出的影响不断减弱。
关键词:衣着消费;误差修正模型;收入弹性;价格弹性
Changes of Rural Residents Clothing Consumption Behavior During the Transition Period
Li Jian
Abstract:Using time-series data, this paper analyzes the changes of rural clothing consumption behavior during the transition period. Through empirical analyzing, we conclude: after quantity growth in 1981-1992 stage, rural residents demand for clothing is beginning to pursue fashion, brand and personality; clothing is not the basic living material but a symbol to show beauty and the personality of ego; the demand for clothing is income elastic; price elasticity of clothing demand is elastic both in the short run and the long run; the impact of past consumption volatility on the current expenditure of clothing is weakening.
Keywords:Clothing Consumption Error Correction Model Income Elasticity Price Elasticity
JEL Classification:E21 O18
转型时期我国城乡居民医疗保健消费需求的实证分析
刘旭宁
摘 要:本文利用时间序列、横截面和面板数据,试图通过建立计量模型,对转型时期我国城乡居民的医疗保健消费需求进行分别考察与分析。分析表明我国城乡居民医疗保健消费收入弹性和价格弹性差别较大,并且存在明显的地域差别。收入、医疗保障制度和医疗保健消费构成的不同对城乡医疗保健消费需求产生重要影响。
关键词:医疗保健支出 城乡比较 收入弹性 价格弹性
Emperical Analysis of Urban and Rural Residents Health Care Expenditure in Transitional China
Liu Xuning
Abstract: In this paper, we try to construct econometric models to examine the states of urban and rural residents health care expenditure in transitional China by using cross-section, time-series and panel data. The analysis results show that there exists obvious differences between urban and rural residents in the aspects of income elasticity and price elasticity, and these differences also exist among districts. The income level, health care system and health care expenditure structure have important impact on urban and rural residents health care expenditure.
Keywords:Health Care Expenditure Urban and Rural Comparasion Income Elasticity Price Elasticity
JEL Classfication: I18 O18