国有连锁企业买方势力的福利分析
付红艳 李长英
摘 要:一个拥有买方势力的连锁企业在多个相互分割的零售市场分别与一个没有买方势力的地方企业进行Stackelberg竞争,其中连锁企业是一个部分追求利润、部分追求社会福利的国有企业,地方企业是一个完全追逐利润的私营企业。研究表明:无论连锁企业是否先行进入市场,买方势力的存在都损害了地方企业与上游厂商的利益,提高了连锁企业的利润,并惠及消费者乃至整个社会。
关键词:Stackelberg竞争 买方势力 国有企业 社会福利
The Welfare Effect of State-owned Enterprises’ Buying Power
Fu Hongyan Li Changying
Abstract: This paper develops a model where an upstream supplier sells its products through retailers in markets. In each downstream market, a national firm competes with a local firm in Stackelberg fashion. The national firm is a partially state-owned enterprise (SOE)which maximizes the weighted sum of both profits and social welfare. The local firms are private firms, which only cares about their own profits. It is shown that, an increase in buying power of the national firm reduces the profits of the upstream supplier and the local firms when the national retailer is a market leader. When the national retailer is a market follower, the profits of the upstream supplier and the local firms depend on the buying power and the state share of the national firm. Moreover, an increase in buying power enhances consumer surplus and social welfare.
Keywords: Stackelberg Competition; Buying Power; State-owned Enterprise (SOE); Social Welfare
JEL Classification: D43 C72 D61
广东省制造业集聚与扩散现状分析
梁琦 张春叶 陈鹏
摘要:本文应用工业区位基尼系数、区位墒、区域分工指数等指标,分析广东省的制造业集聚和扩散程度及趋势。这些指标各有侧重,结合使用较好地反映广东制造业发展的基本现实——珠三角地区的制造业在向外扩散转移并使得广东省制造业结构和分工结构的调整显现成效。
关键词:制造业集聚 工业区位基尼系数 区位墒 区域分工指数
The Empirical Analysis on Manufacturing Agglomeration and Diffusion Relocation Status in Guangdong Province
Liang Qi Zhang Chunye Chen Peng
Abstract: By the indicators of Industrial sites Gini coefficient, location entropy, regional division of labor index and so on, this article analyze the agglomeration status, diffuse change degree and tendency. These indicators have different Emphasis points, the way of union use can reflect the basic status of manufacturing industry development well. The outward diffusion shift of the manufacturing industry in Pearl River Delta area makes the manufacturing industry structure and the work division structure adjust, this has some reference value to the unveil of Related policy.
Keywords: Manufacturing Agglomeration Industrial Sites Gini Coefficient Location Entropy Regional Division Index
JEL Classification: L16 L52 L61
限户型政策的经济学分析
陈 强
摘要: 2006年出台的“限户型政策”要求新建商品房项目90平米以下的户型面积必须占开发建设总面积70%以上,以抑制房价过快上涨。本文通过一个静态模型及垄断竞争的动态模型表明,该政策的收益有限。在此政策下,对大户型的相当部分消费需求将被挤压至小户型市场,而开发商的建筑成本将上升。该政策的副作用包括:在短期内,一刀切的“限户型政策”难以适应全国各地对不同户型的需求,反而导致规避成本、行政成本与消费者效用损失;长期而言,当小户型的所有者要升级时,大户型将面临短缺。
关键词: 限户型政策 房地产市场 垄断竞争
An Economic Analysis of the Housing Size Limit Policy
Chen Qiang
Abstract: In May 2006, Chinese government issued the “housing size limit policy”, which required all new housing constructions to have more than 70% of housing units under 90 square meters. The main goal of this policy is to prevent housing price from rising too fast. Through a monopolistic competition model of the housing market, this paper shows that the effect of this policy is likely to be very limited. Under this policy, some demand of big housing units is squeezed to the small housing market, which developers’ construction cost would rise. The existence of more small housing units may also spur investment or speculative demand. The side effects of this policy include, in the short term, this one-size-fits-all policy cannot adapt to the different demands for housing units throughout Chinese cities of different sizes, but it will lead to policy evasion cost, administration cost and consumers’ utility loss; in the long term, when owners of small housing units want to upgrade, the big housing units would become very scarce.
Keywords: Housing size limit policy, housing market, monopolistic competition
JEL Classification: R0 L0
抛弃反垄断——奥地利学派垄断思想述评
熊红星
摘 要:奥地利学派主张暂时的垄断是创新之源,没有必要反垄断;无论是价格表现还是垄断动机,执法机构无法辨别谁是垄断者,因此无法执行反垄断;激进的新奥地利学者甚至完全否认市场垄断,政府才是唯一的垄断者。事实上,垄断利润不仅激励着创新动力,也激励着维护垄断、压制对手创新的动力;奥地利学派人类行为研究方法容易滑向不可知论泥淖。
关键词: 新奥地利学派;垄断;反垄断
Abolition of antitrust
------Review of Austrian monopoly thoughts
Xiong Hongxing
Abstract: Austrian scholars hold that antitrust is unnecessary and impossible because temporary monopoly is the resource of innovation and antitrust authority couldn’t correctly identify monopolist from market prices or motives. Some radical Austrians even deny the possibility that a monopolist occurs at the market except of the Government itself. In fact, the monopoly profits not only bring a creative incentive but although a incentive to maintain the monopoly position by suppressing opponents’ innovations. Austrian school’s human action methodology easily slides into agnosticism.
Keywords: Austrian School Monopoly Antitrust;
JEL Classification: B53 D42 K21 L40
交易费用、资源再配置与经济增长
韩中元
摘 要:本文研究的问题是制度如何影响经济增长。已有的答案认为制度是经济增长的根本原因,通过技术进步和资本积累来影响经济增长。但是经济增长还是个秘密,所以这不是完整的答案。如果我们认为制度是解释经济增长秘密的剩下的原因,那么制度一定还通过其他途径影响经济增长。本文试图提供制度影响经济增长的另外途径。我们认为在经济增长的过程中,不同部门的技术进步率不同,经济结构不断变化,这就要求资源在不同部门重新配置。如果制度决定的交易费用(itc)或决定制度的交易费用(ttc)比较大,那么就会降低资源再配置的调整速度,进而阻碍经济增长。当交易费用足够大的时候,资源在不同部门的初始配置也会影响经济增长,一般的,资源的初始配置在技术进步较快的部门更多,经济增长越快。本文构建的两部门经济增长模型是对正交易费用条件下科斯定理的动态化。应用本文提供的原理,可以使新制度经济学中的关于制度绩效的比较静态分析,直接扩展到制度安排对经济增长影响的比较动态分析。
关键词:制度 交易费用 资源再配置 经济增长
Transaction Costs, Resource Reallocation and Economic Growth
Han Zhongyuan
Abstract:This paper aims to study how institutions affect economic growth. The presence of study indicates that the institution is the fundamental cause of economic growth. Institutions influence economic growth through technological progress and capital accumulation. But since the full economic growth still remains a mystery, apparently the present answer can not be the complete one. If we assume that institutions can fully explain the mystery of economic growth, then institutions must affect economic growth in other ways. This paper attempts to provide another potential approach by which institutions affect economic growth. In the progress of economic growth, the technological progress rates for different departments are also diverse. Then it causes the changes in the economic structure, and consequently resources reallocation in the different departments. The transaction costs determined by institutions (itc) or the transaction costs determining institutions (ttc) will slow down the speed of the resources reallocation and further hinder economic growth. When the transaction cost is large enough, the initial allocations of resources in the different sectors will also affect economic growth. With a faster technological progress rate, the sector is usually allocated with more initial resources, and hence possesses a faster economic growth.In this paper, we consider an economy where there are two sectors. We study a two-sector economic growth model which is actually a dynamic application of Coase Theorem under the condition that transaction costs are positive. In the new institutional economics, we usually make the static analysis on the institution’s efficiency. However, using the mechanism provided by this paper, we can make some dynamic analysis on the effect of the institution arrangements on the economic growth.
Keywords:Institution Transaction Costs Resource Reallocation Economic Growth
JEL Classification: O40 O43 P50
上市公司高管继任模式选择的实证研究
辛立国 马磊
摘 要:高管继任是企业成长发展中的最重要的战略决策之一。高管人员的管理能力和企业家才能作为企业重要的战略资源在很大程度上决定着一个企业的成长和绩效。同时,聘任机制的有效性也是公司治理机制完善程度的重要反映。基于这样一种思想,本文利用1998~2006年上市公司相关数据,对影响我国上市公司高管继任模式选择的因素进行了Probit分析。分析结果表明,公司经营业绩只在1998~2002年期间对总经理的继任选择产生显著影响,在2003~2006年期间并不显著,同时对董事长的继任选择也不具有显著影响,这一方面可能与方程中的遗漏变量——继任者的企业家素质、企业特征、行业特征有关,另一方面与继任的行政任命方式有关。在董事会的特征因素中,独立董事的比例基本不对继任模式产生影响,说明独立董事并未在公司治理中发挥其应有的作用,董事会有效性有待进一步提高。同时,公司规模对董事长继任模式的选择具有显著影响,但是,这一指标并不对总经理的选聘产生显著影响。
关键词:上市公司 高管更换 继任模式
The Empirical Analysis on Top Managers’ Succession Modes of Listed Companies
Xin Liguo Ma Lei
Abstract: Top managers’ succession is one of the most essential strategies for the development of a firm. As the important strategy resources, the top managers’ talents and abilities mainly decide the firm’s development and performance. And the effectiveness of the employment system also reflects the improvement degree of governance. According to the thoughts, this paper use data on China’s listed firms from 1998 to 2006 to analyze the influence factors of succession modes. The result shows the firms’ performance only influences the succession modes of general managers during 1998 to 2002 significantly, while the effect is not significantly during 2003 to 2006, so does the succession modes of the board chairman. One explanation of the result is the missing variables, such as entrepreneur’s talent, firm’s character, industry’s character, which is not included in the equations, may influence the result. Another explanation is the government’s order disturbs succession modes. Among the variables of board characteristics, independent directors’ ratio does not influence succession modes significantly. It demonstrates the system of independent directors hasn’t worked yet. The effectiveness of the board should be improved more. The firm size significantly influences on the succession mode of board chairman, while the variable does not significantly influence on the general manager’s succession mode.
Keywords:listed companies top management turnover succession modes
JEL Classification: G34 G14 D21
从组织理论到契约经济学:文献综述
徐忠爱
摘 要:本文试图从经典理论文献的高度,对组织理论的产生、基本脉络、发展趋势作总体回顾和展望。文章对组织理论演进的主要理论观点作了较为详细的分析;对企业网络这种新的组织形式产生的历史渊源和理论背景、主要理论观点作了介绍。文章分析认为,当今关于组织理论的前沿研究已从传统的组织理论上升为契约经济学。从契约经济学的视角研究组织,我们可以更加深入、准确、全面地对组织现象作出解释。
关键词:组织理论 契约理论 企业网络
From organization theory to Contract Economics: A Survey
Xu Zhongai
Abstracts: The generation on organization, fundamental venation and development orientation are reviewed entirely and prospected from classic theory documents. The paper analyzes in detail the main issues on evolution in organization theory, introduces historical origin and theoretical background on coming into being of enterprise network as new organization as well as main theoretical issues. The analysis considers that advancing front studies of organization theory has ascended from conventional organization theory to contractual economics. To study organization in perspective of contractual economics, we can explain organization phenomenon in deeper, more precise and comprehensive way.
Keywords:organization theory; contract theory; enterprise network
JEL Classification: L14 L22
区域产业空心化成因探析:以珠江三角洲为例
顾慧君
摘 要:在国内、国外经济形势发生重大转变的情况下,以珠三角为代表的沿海经济发达地区出现了超出往常的企业外迁现象,由于短时间内替代性的产业升级难以到位,区域产业空心化的隐忧开始浮现。基于此,本文在对产业升级和产业迁移的相关理论进行梳理的基础上;分析企业迁移的决定因素以及产业升级所需条件,进而研究区域产业空心化的成因;最后,以珠三角制造业为对象展开分析并给出相应的对策建议。
关键词:企业外迁 产业升级 产业空心化 珠三角
The Reasearch of Industry Hollowing: A Case Study of Zhujiang River Delta
Gu Huijun
Abstract:With the economic situation becoming more and more austerity, the phenomenon of firm relocation emergences in the zhujiang river delta. Because industry upgrading is very difficult in short time, the phenomenon of industry hollowing may be come true. On the basis of the summarize of the theory of industry relocation and upgrading, A research framework is built to study the phenomenon of industry hollowing.
Keywords: Firm Relocation Industry Upgrading Industry Hollowing Zhujiang River Delta
JEL Classification: L16 L19
区域制造业集群的结构特征与发展策略
——基于广东省投入产业数据的实证分析
毛艳华 李华
摘 要:在我国新型工业化进程中,产业集群作为一种经济组织方式越来越明显地显示出其范围经济与创新活动的重要性,产业集群已成为区域经济政策的新趋势。文章利用广东省投入产出表数据,采用主成分因子分析和产业关联等方法对广东制造业进行产业集群的判别,对鉴别出的各制造业集群的结构特征进行了详细描述,并利用DEA方法判断其投入产出的有效性。文章最后提出了加快转变广东集群经济发展方式的对策建议。
关键词:投入产出 产业集群 主成分因子分析 DEA
Studies on Structural Characteristics and Development Strategies of the Manufacturing Industrial Cluster
— An Empirical Analyze based on the input-output data in Guangdong Province
Mao Yanhua Li Hua
Abstract: As a kind of economy organizations, industrial clusters are clearly displaying the importance of its scope economy and creative activity during the new industrialization progress in our country, and the industrial cluster have become a new trend of regional economic policies. Based on the 2005 input-output table, this paper applies PCFA and industrial relation method to identifying regional manufacturing industrial clusters in Guangdong province, and describes the structure characteristics of each industrial cluster, DEA method is then applied to judge the validity of the input and output in each industrial cluster. In the end, this paper brings forward strategies on accelerating to the development of industrial clusters in Guangdong province.
Keywords:input-output industrial cluster principle component factor analysis DEA
JEL Classification:O14 L52 R15
一本具有鲜明特色的产业经济学教科书
臧旭恒
《产业经济学与组织——一个欧洲的视角》(第二版)的中译本收录于《现代产业经济学文库·名著译丛》,由经济科学出版社付梓出版。
产业经济学或产业组织理论是一门新兴的应用经济学学科,它以微观经济学理论为基础, 是一个论述特定环境下的企业、市场及产业的独特经济学领域。作为一门完整而系统的理论体系,产业经济学萌芽于20世纪30年代。伴随着社会经济的发展变化,产业经济学研究不断发展进步,研究内容和研究工具均在发生了重大变化,但传统的产业经济学研究领域依然受到关注,正如该书作者所言,产业经济学“首先是关注各种市场结构中的企业运营。这包括企业的行为及绩效、不同市场结构的决定因素及结果、企业行为与绩效之间的关系以及企业运营所处的市场结构。第二,关注政府对产业组织的影响。”该书对这些问题进行了深入阐述,并将产业经济学发展的前沿领域纳入其中。