对杨-黄“斯密-科斯”模型的扩展:一个纵向产业组织的基本模型
向国成 韩绍凤
摘 要:本文将通过增加交易风险因素来扩展杨小凯、黄有光的“斯密-科斯”模型,以分工演化为主线,用超边际分析方法整合交易成本经济学、企业战略理论与规模经济理论关于纵向产业组织的思想,旨在提供一个基于专业化经济、交易成本与交易风险的统一的纵向产业组织理论模型。
关键词:纵向产业组织 交易成本 交易风险 专业化经济 超边际分析
Extension on Yang-Ng’s Model of “Smithe-Coase”:A Basical Model of Vertical Industrial Organization
Xiang Guocheng Han Shaofeng
Abstract: This article will expand the “Smith-Coase” model of Yang and Ng through adding transaction risk and integrate transaction cost economics with the theory of the enterprise strategy and economies of scale on the thoughts of Vertical Industrial Organization by using inframarginal analysis and according to the evolution of division of labor. The paper will provide a unified theory model of Vertical Industrial Organization based on economies of specialization ,transaction cost and transaction risk.
Key words: Vertical Industrial Organization; transaction cost; transaction risk; economies of specialization;inframarginal analysis
JEL Classification: D23, L14
谱系法与分步走:基础设施领域国企改革新思路——基于单独立法、可分性和外在效率的分析
吴金明 荣朝和
摘 要 基于单独立法、产业可分性和企业外在效率的特殊法人——公企业制度安排将是基础设施领域国企改革不可回避的制度安排;尤其在基础设施领域的某些模块将长期存在着这种制度安排。因此,我国基础设施领域的国企改革不宜采用“两分法、一步走”的改革路径,而应该选择“谱系法、分步走”的改革路径。
关键词 国有企业改革 基础设施 单独立法 特殊法人 谱系
“Pedigree way, step-by-step”: new reform route of State-Owned-Enterprises in infrastructure industry
----based on the analysis of sole-law, separability and external-efficiency
Wu Jinming Rong Chaohe
Abstract: Though privatization is the ultimate way for State-owned-enterprises’ reform in infrastructure industry, public enterprise institution will inevitably become the institution arrangement of State-owned-enterprises’ reform in infrastructure industry based on the special corporation whose specialties are sole-law, industry separability and external efficiency. Especially, this institution arrangement will exist in some models in infrastructure industry for a long time. So the reform of State-owned-enterprises in infrastructure field should choose the way of “pedigree way, step-by-step” rather than the normal route of “two-part, one-step”.
Key Words: reform of State-owned-enterprises, infrastructure, sole-law, special corporation, pedigree way
JEL Classification: H32, H50
企业集群中的合作行为——对阳江五金刀剪集群的调查
符正平 李森榕
摘 要:本文通过实地调研与问卷调查方法对广东省阳江市五金刀剪集群内企业之间的合作行为进行案例研究,试图从较为完整的视角揭示我国传统制造业集群内企业之间的合作情况和存在的问题,并就如何促进集群企业之间的合作提供一些政策性建议。
关键词: 企业集群 合作
Research on the Cooperative Behaviour between Small and Medium Enterprises in the Yangjiang Hardware Knife-scissors Cluster
Fu Zhengping Li Senrong
Abstract:In the end of 1990s, along with major changes in external competing environment, the study on how economy globalization affected the cooperation behavior between small and medium enterprises in cluster attracted a lot of attention. The research findings on Italy and other regions indicate that it is necessary to develop the cooperation mechanism in cluster. After China’s joining into the WTO, SMEs clusters face a new environment. This paper presents case study on the cooperation in Yangjiang Hardware Knife-scissors Cluster. It reveals the cooperation condition and provides the empirical evidence on how to promote the cooperation between small and medium enterprises in traditional manufacturing clusters.
Keywords: Enterprises Cluster; Cooperation
JEL Classification:L22, R58
技术创新对市场结构的动态效应分析
李 平 张庆昌
摘要:本文提出了基于Nickell 模型的动态分析框架,将创新对市场结构的影响分解为短期和长期两部分。我们利用1995——2005年间中国35个工业行业面板数据对模型进行了检验,结果表明:从短期看,创新加剧了市场竞争程度,主要体现为原产品之间竞争程度的上升,并且该竞争效应对市场结构的影响要大于创新所带来的垄断趋向;另外,创新对市场竞争的影响大大增强:与20世纪70年代的发达国家相比,此影响至少提高3倍。但从长期来看,创新能够降低市场竞争程度。
关键词:技术创新,市场结构,市场集中度,产品差异化
The Dynamic Effect of Innovation to Market Structure
Li Ping Zhang Qingchang
Abstract : Based on Nickell model, this paper provides a dynamic framework to analysis the effect of innovation on market structure and decomposes it to short-run effect and long-run effect. The application on 35 China industries panel data from 1995 to 2005 suggests: in the short run, innovations increase competition in the market, as indicated by an increase of competition between the exiting brands; the effect becomes more robust and is more 3 times than that of the developed countries in the 1970’s; in the long run, innovation has a positive impact on market concentration.
Key words :Innovation, Market structure, Market concentration, Product differentiation
JEL Classification :D21, L60
不对称能力拍卖中的合谋问题研究
薛澜 沈华 胡汉辉
摘 要:本文从市场中两个不对称能力企业的角度出发,分析在单一价格拍卖和歧视性拍卖中的企业能力不对称性对合谋的影响。研究结果表明,在两种拍卖方式下,企业的利润在唯一的对称单阶段纳什均衡中能达到最小最大。
关键词:不对称能力,拍卖,合谋
Research on Collusion in Asymmetric Capacity Auction
Xue Lan Shen Hua Hu Hanhui
Abstract: Starting from the aspect of asymmetric capability, the paper analyzes the influence of asymmetric capability to the collusion in uniform price auction and discriminatory auction. The paper draws the conclusion that in discriminatory auction and uniform price auction, enterprises can use symmetric equilibrium collusion to get minimal optimal revenue.
Key words: asymmetric capability, auction, collusion
JEL Classification:C72, L11
按空间分布形态分类的创意产业
罗玲玲 张嵩
摘要:本文首先介绍了创意产业的不同分类标准,提出了按创意产业的空间分布特征,将创意产业分为木本植物形态的创意产业和草本植物形态的创意产业。然后,分析了不同形态的创意产业是因为其创造过程、组织建制的不同,所需要的社会物资平台和环境氛围不同,因此这一分类标准有助于认识不同创意产业的发展规律,由社会提供适宜的资源和政策,才能促进创意产业健康发展。
The Classification According to Space Distribution Form of the Creative Industries
Luo Lingling Zhang Song
Abstract: This paper has first introduced the different classification standard of the creative industries, according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the creative industry; the paper divides the creative industry into different types: the xylophyta form of creative industries and the herbs form of creative industries. Then, we have analyzed that the industry of creative idea of not shape similar form is because of difference creation process and difference organizational system. They need difference social materials platform and environmental atmosphere. Therefore this classification standard is helpful for knowledge the development regular of the different creative industry, After realizing this point, we may conclude that only being provided the appropriate resources and policies by the society will the creativity industry develop healthily.
Keyword:the creative industries; creation process; space distribution form of industrial; the xylophyta form of creative industries; the herbs form of creative industries
JEL Classification:L23, Z11
经济持续增长的源泉:企业家发现与创新
王廷惠
摘要:在市场过程理论看来,真正重要的是企业家捕捉利润机会、满足消费者需求的不懈努力,企业家争胜竞争过程正是市场过程的主要推动力。经济增长的实际路径不可能离开企业家发现和创新过程,正是受到利润机会激励的企业家不断发现、利用和扩散知识的争胜竞争过程,促进了经济持续增长过程。
关键词:企业家发现创新市场过程经济增长
Source of Economic Sustained Growth: Entrepreneurial Discovery and Innovation
Wang Tinghui
Abstract:From the perspective of the market process theory, what really counts is the ceaseless effort of the entrepreneurs’ capturing profit opportunities and satisfying consumers’ needs. Entrepreneurial rivalry process is the driving force of market process. The practical path of economic growth cannot be interpreted without entrepreneurial discovery and innovative process. It is quite the entrepreneurial process of knowledge discovery, exploitation and diffusion stimulated by the profit opportunities that promotes the process of sustained economic growth.
Keywords: entrepreneur; discovery; innovation; market process; economic growth
JEL Classification: L26, L53, O31, O43
零售商主导的纵向约束:理论评述与政策含义
汪秋明
内容提要:从生产商主导的纵向约束到零售商主导的纵向约束的变迁有着特殊的产业结构变化背景。本文使用统一的分析框架比较了生产商主导的纵向约束和零售商主导的纵向约束下的方式手段、效率改进或反竞争效应、福利效果以及利益分配,并在评述国内外零售商主导的纵向约束的最新研究成果基础上,提出了实现“加尔布雷斯假说”福利效果的两种思路。
关键词:纵向约束;零售商主导;“加尔布雷斯假说”;买方势力
Retailer-Dominated Vertical Restraints: Literature Comments and Policy Implications
WANG Qiuming
Abstract:There’s a certain industrial structure background from manufacturer-dominated vertical restraints to retailer-dominated vertical restraints. In this paper, the two kinds of vertical restraints are analyzed under a uniform framework, including their instruments, efficiency effects or anti-competitive effects, warfare effects and interests distribution. After comments on literatures on retailer-dominated vertical restraints, the author points out two thoughts on realizing the warfare effects of Galbraith’s hypothesis.
Key Word:Vertical Restraints, Retailer-Dominated, Galbraith’s hypothesis, buyer power
JEL Classification: L11, L81
产业政策激励、产业剩余分配与产业政策效应
江海潮
[摘要]:产业政策具有规模激励、边际激励和风险激励功能,政策激励过程是中央政府、地方政府和微观企业之间利益委托代理博弈与寻租过程,产生剩余分配效应、企业投资效应、政策传递效应、产出效应、收入效应、成本效应、社会福利效应和市场嬗变效应并与市场激励共同调控经济均衡。产业政策效应均衡水平由产业政策激励因素、中央政府政策制订和执行效率因素、市场竞争激励因素、地方政府战略偏好和企业风险偏好因素共同决定,产业政策资源配置效率依赖于这五大因素组合关系。在一定条件下,产业政策激励优于市场自由竞争激励。
[关键词]:产业政策 激励 委托-代理 政策效应
Industry Policy Incentive, Industrial Surplus Distributing and Effects of Industry policy
Jiang Haichao
Abstract: The industry has scale incentive, marginal incentive and risk incentive, which controls the economic equilibrium through eight effects of surplus distribution, investment of different firms, industry implement, country output, income growth, cost change, society welfare and market adjustment in the process of incentive, with interaction of principle-agent and game between central government and local government, local government and different firms. The equilibrium of industry policy effect on economy are determined by policy incentive, government implement, market competition, industry strategy and preference of local government, and risk preference of firms and local government, and are different under different conditions. Under some condition, the industry incentive is better than market competition.
Keywords:industry policy incentive principle-agent policy effect
JEL Classification:L52, L53