规制经济理论的最新发展综述
臧旭恒 王立平
摘 要 本文回顾和分析了自20世纪80年代以来规制经济理论的重要发展。规制经济理论的发展主要体现在三个方面:激励性规制理论、接入价格理论以及公共事业领域中跨国公司的规制理论。激励性规制理论是委托-代理理论、制度设计理论、信息经济学与规制理论研究相结合的成果。接入价格理论的发展主要体现在三个理论之中,即以全部长期增量成本为基础的定价、有效成分定价规则以及整体价格上限法。公共事业领域中跨国公司的规制理论将规制经济研究领域从封闭的经济体系拓展到开放的经济体系之中,已经成为规制经济理论发展的一个重要前沿领域。
关键词 规制经济理论,激励性规制理论,接入价格理论,
A Survey of the Theory of Regulation
Zang Xuheng and Wang Liping
(Shandong University)
Abstract This paper makes a review and analysis of the major developments in the theory of regulation since 1980s. The major developments of regulatory economics over the last twenty years have been the theory of incentive regulation, access pricing theory and the theory of regulation with multinational enterprises in the public utilities. The theory of incentive regulation is the outcome of the incorporation of the principal-agent theory and mechanism design theory and information economics into regulatory economics. The key development of the access pricing theory is embodied in three theories: TELRIC/TSLRIC, efficient component pricing rule(ECPR) and global price caps(GPC). The theory of regulation with multinational enterprises extends the research field of regulatory economics from the closed economic system to the open economic system, and it has become one of the key frontier fields of regulatory economics.
Key Words Theory of Regulation, Incentive Regulation Theory, Access Pricing Theory, Theory of Regulation with Multinational Enterprises in the Public Utilities
JEL Classification F062.9, F406
产业区内的知识外溢:一个选择性评述
金祥荣 汪 伟 项力敏
摘要 知识外溢的测度和效应分析是一个尚待解决的难题。对于产业区内的知识外溢,当代学者从不同的研究方法出发进行了开创性研究。本文梳理了该领域的主要研究文献,从理论脉络来看,对于创新产出的如何衡量以及非商业机制的知识溢出对创新的影响都是有争议的。本文的分析认为,知识外溢对于产业区内企业的创新活动确实有影响,但知识外溢并非自然产生的,它基本上是一个被管制的流量。而且现有的文献对知识外溢的具体传导机制未作阐述。对于知识外溢问题的进一步研究,应该重新审视其假设前提,对知识默会性和知识编码的概念做认真区分。
关键词 产业区,知识外溢,创新,专利,专利引用
Knowledge Spillovers within Industrial Districts: A Selected Review
Jin Xiangrong Wang Wei Xiang Limin
(College of Economics, Zhejiang University & CRPE, Zhejiang University)
Abstract A fundamental issue that remains unsolved in economics of technology is the measurement of knowledge spillovers and its effect analysis. For local knowledge spillovers, the contemporary scholars set out the proceeding of path breaking study from the different research methods. This paper combed the main literature in that realm. Seen from theories development, we find that how to measure innovation output and what’s the impact of knowledge spillovers under non-commercial mechanism on innovation is disputed. This paper reveals that knowledge spillovers influence innovation activities in truth, but knowledge spillovers don’t exist naturally, instead it is a managed flow. And nobody explains the transmitting mechanism of knowledge spillovers as for the current literature. Further research about knowledge spillovers should examine the assumption and rigorously distinguish between tacit and codified knowledge concept.
Key Words Knowledge Spillovers, Industrial District, Innovation, Patent, Patent Citations.
JEL Classification D830, O320, R120
沉淀成本、退出壁垒与产业重组:经济模型与政策涵义
汤吉军 宋冬林
摘要 本文从无形/有形要素沉淀成本和契约性沉淀成本角度分析产业重组所导致的经济后果。在打破完全竞争市场模型假设前提的基础上,通过引入沉淀成本范畴发展不完全竞争市场经济模型,从而分析出影响产业重组经济效率和福利水平的基本经济因素是沉淀成本之大小,而不是固定成本之大小。同时,结合体制转轨时期国有企业改革中强调战略调整或产业重组等问题给予重新审视,并且指出,在重组过程中必然伴随以降低或补偿这些沉淀成本为原则的制度创新或者政策创新,否则各类生产要素不能充分流动,无法通过重组手段达到提高国有企业经济效率和福利水平的最终目标。
关键词 资产沉淀成本;契约性沉淀成本;退出壁垒;不完全竞争;产业重组
Sunk Costs,Barriers to Exit,and Industrial Restructuring:A Theoretical Foundations and Policy Implications
Tang Jijun Song Donglin
(Liaoning University;Jilin University)
Abstract The Paper is to analyze the consequence of industrial restructuring in terms of sunk intangible/tangible assets and contractual Commitments. Combined with imperfect market,the production possibility curve and indifference curve are to distinguish between the effect of the null and positive sunk costs on industrial restructuring. We have found that,not fixed costs,but sunk costs,are the only economic factor that influences the economic efficiency and welfare. Additionally we provide the solutions to industrial restructuring,e.g. reduce or recover the sunk costs,promote the mobility. When we apply the principle of sunk costs to SOEs reforms,we again gain from the sunk costs perspectives.
Key Word Sunk Assets,Sunk Contractual Commitments,Barriers to Exit,Imperfect Competition,Industrial Restructuring
JEL Classification D430, L100,L130
中国纺织服装产业集聚动因及竞争力分析
顾庆良 张彤
摘 要 本文应用产业地点选择模型、内外部规模经济连续模型和波特的“钻石”模型对中国纺织服装产业集聚进行了经济学解释。通过对中国,特别是浙江地区纺织服装产业集聚的区域产业特色、产业分工细化、产业结构、产业互补性与产业链及交易费用和社会成本分析,揭示了纺织服装区域经济在产业集聚理论中的典型意义。提出了产业集聚从整体上提升了一个地区的综合竞争力或一个国家的国际竞争力的经济学意义以及这种竞争力的动态变化模式。同时通过对中国纺织服装产业集聚的考察,提示注意中国纺织服装产业集聚伴随着市场化和民营化过程的特点,以及区域的非经济因素,如区域文化及其凝聚力的影响。
关键词 服装,产业集聚,竞争力,模型
The Clustering Mechanism of the Textile & Apparel
Industry in China and its Competitiveness
QingLiang Gu and Zhang Tong
(Donghua University)
Abstract The paper interpreted the clustering mechanism by the industrial site selection model and continuum theory of internal and external economies of scale,and analyzed its competitiveness by “Porter’s diamonds model”. The case study mainly in Zhejiang province was applied to explore the characteristics of the textile & apparel clusters. Furthermore,the development of the clusters in China was discussed,which showed the social and cultural factor’s influences in addition to economical factors.
Key words Textile and Apparel,Cluster,Competitiveness
JEL Classification F424 F426.8 F12
寡占市场结构、研发创新融资与跨期激励相容契约
柴正猛
摘 要 本文通过模型研究了一家创新型企业通过外部股权融资获得所需资金进行差异化产品创新进入一个已被在位者垄断的市场,如果成功进入则通过相继的再融资和再创新进行扩张。我们的结论是,研发投融资者之间的信息非对称导致了道德风险和研发“投资不足”,投资者更愿意给第一期创新成功的创业者投资扩张,长期契约在解决研发“投资不足”上比短期契约有效,但存在“跨期激励”问题,在寡占环境下还存在“竞争效应”问题。因而,对创业者的长期激励应当包含四个方面,即静态代理成本、跨期代理成本、竞争效应和私有信息租金。模型弥补了产业组织理论和公司融资理论长期以来各为体系的不足。
关键词 股权融资;契约;研发创新;寡占竞争
A Dynamic Game Model of Intertemporal Equity Financing,
Innovation and Strategic Competition
Chai zhengmeng
(Nankai University)
Abstract Industry organization theory and corporate finance theory has long been two seperated field,we aim to bridge this gap.In our model,an entrepreneur want to enter the market monopolied by an incumbent through outside equity financing and heterogenious product innovation,and if succeed he/she will continue to expand by refinancing and process innovation.we got than the long-term incentive to the entrepreneur should contain the static agent costs,the intertemporal agent costs,the competition effects of the incumbent and the private information rents,and it is more efficient than the short-term ones in solving the “under-investment” problem resulting from the moral hazard of the entrepreneur.
Key words Equity financing;Contract;R&D innovation;Strategic competition
JEL Classification D430,L190,D900
借鉴粤港澳经验,推进鲁日韩区域经贸合作
范爱军 肖丹丹
摘要 随着中国全方位开放政策的实施, 发展开放型经济成为各省市工作的重中之重。鲁日韩已具有类似于粤港澳的开展全面经贸合作的地缘优势和产业条件,经济上也存在明显的互补性。但三地区域经贸合作发展情况远不如粤港澳,这不能不让人遗憾。因此,山东应该借鉴粤港澳经验,结合自身优势,把鲁日韩经贸合作推向新的高点。具体说来还需做以下工作:(1)进一步有针对性的完善山东的基础设施条件;(2)通过旅游、教育、文化交流等方式促进三方了解与合作;(3)完善山东的外贸机制,加强三方贸易交流与合作;(4)地方政府的协调、指导作用必须进一步增强,并力争中央给予必要的政策扶持,以确保三地经贸合作的顺利开展。
关键词 区域经济合作; 经验; 产业条件; 地缘优势
Profit From the Experience of Guangdong, HongKong and Macao;Push the Economic and Trade Cooperation among Shandong, Japan and Corea
Fan Aijun Xiao Dandan
(Shandong University)
Abstract Along with the implementation of china’s omni-directional open police, the construction of opening economy becomes central work of various cities. Shandong, Japan and Korea are similar to Guangdong, Hongkong and Macao on their geography advantage and industrial condition, in economy they also have obviously reciprocal character. But the regional economic cooperation is far inferior to Guangdong, Hongkong and Macao. Therefore, Shandong should profit from Guangdong’s experience, unifies own superiority, pushes the regional economic and trade cooperation to a higher spot. Specifically mentions below, we must do a lot of work: (1) Goes a step further to improve the infrastructure condition of Shandong. (2) Promotes the tripatite understanding and cooperation through ways of travelling and educational cultrue exchange. (3) Improves the foreign trade mechanism and strengthens the trade exchange and cooperation. (4) Local authority’s functions of coordination and instruction must be further strengthen and the essential policy support from central authority should be given to guarantee the smooth development of the economic and trade cooperation.
Key words regional economic cooperation;experience; industrial condition ; geography advantage
JEL Classification F427, F424, F125
证券投资基金市场时机选择能力评价模型及其应用
谢 赤,邓艺颖
摘 要 首先详细回顾了证券投资基金市场时机选择能力的基本评价模型T-M模型和H-M模型以及这两个基本模型的各种修正模型,具体包括持股比例变动模型和加入条件变量的评价模型及其在基准投资组合的选取和投资期间报酬的选取方面的应用。然后介绍并评价了在中国证券投资基金数据的基础上,利用这两个模型进行实证研究的情况。
关键词 证券投资基金,市场时机选择能力,评价模型
Market timing models and their applications of funds
Xie Chi and Deng Yiying
(Hunan University)
Abstract This paper firstly overviews the fundamental models of market timing and then introduces various kinds of modified models including Holdings Change Model and Conditional Evaluation Model. The application in choosing benchmark and observation frequency is also concerned. Finally, on the database of Chinese funds, it discusses some empirical studies of market timing models and finds some shortcomings subject to the inability of China financial market.
Key words funds; ability of market timing; evaluation models
JEL Classification E300, G120,G240
中国对外贸易和经济增长关系的实证研究
张谊浩 陈柳钦
摘要 在已有理论和实证分析的基础上,本文对我国对外贸易和经济增长的关系进行了的实证检验。在实证过程中,本文综合利用了Granger,Sims和Geweke等非因果检验方法,并进一步考察了扩展的多变量因果性检验模型及其检验。实证结果显示:中国的经济增长和对外贸易(包括进口和出口)存在着互为因果的反馈关系;中国的经济增长对对外贸易的促进作用明显大于对外贸易对经济增长的带动作用;在引入外资、政府开支、劳动力投入和能源消耗多种变量后,外贸和经济增长之间的双向因果联系反而有所加强。
关键词 对外贸易,经济增长,Granger非因果检验方法,Sims、Geweke检验,多变量因果性检验模型
An Empirical Analysis on the foreign trade and the economic growth in China
Zhang Yi-hao Chen Liu-qin
(Nanjing University ;Tianjin Economic & Development Research Institute )
Abstract In this paper, the simple and extended Granger no-causality procedure methods are applied to test the causality link between the foreign trade and the economic growth in China. Our quantitative model results indicate a bi-directional causality between the foreign trade and the economic growth in China, even taking into account other variables.
Keywords Foreign trade. Economic growth. Granger-causality procedure. Sims model. Geweke model. Extended no-causality testing method.
JEL Classification F752, F125 ,F124
企业进入行为的基本模型——中国制造业的案例
肖建忠
摘要 本文从产业组织的角度,分析了企业进入的基本动机,包括预期进入后的收益、市场增长、企业家的职业选择以及企业家精神。从进入的时机、进入的数量以及进入后的渗透三个方面界定基本模式。根据理论分析对中国制造业的计量结果表明,企业的进入是决定行业的竞争态势和市场结构的重要因素。
关键词 进入;动机;市场结构
An Elementary Model of Entry Behavior:
A Case of Chinese Manufacturing
Xiao Jianzhong
(School of China University of Geosciences)
Abstract This paper analyzes the basic motive about entry in the view of industrial organization including expected post-entry return, market growth, career selection of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. It also defines the basic entry model from entry timing, entry quantity and market penetration by entrants. According to the theoretical analysis we have econometric test on Chinese manufacturing, showing that entry play a key role in deciding the industrial competition and market structure.
Key words entry, entry motive, industrial organization
JEL Classification L120,L220