掠夺性定价理论述评
干春晖 闫星宇
摘要:掠夺性定价长期以来一直是产业组织理论的重要内容之一,实施掠夺性定价的激励是将来掠夺成功的垄断收益会大于掠夺期的掠夺损失。但是,关于掠夺性定价是否理性在相当长的时期一直有争议。芝加哥学派从完全信息的假定得出了掠夺性定价非理性的结论,而后芝加哥学派通过引入信息不对称认为掠夺性定价是理性的策略性行为。本文将对掠夺性定价理论的发展进行比较全面的综述。
关键词:掠夺性定价,信息不对称,策略性行为
Comment on the Theory of Predatory Pricing
Gan ChunHui Yan XingYu
Abstract:Predatory pricing has been one of the most important issues in industrial organization theory. Incentive to engage in predatory pricing is that gain in future profits is more than loss of current profits from predation. However, industrial organization theory has seen a heated debate on the rationality of predatory pricing between so-called Chicago and post-Chicago schools. Chicago schools think that predatory pricing is not rational under the assumption of complete information. Post-Chicago schools deem that predatory pricing is rational strategy according to asymmetrical information. This paper will review the development of predatory pricing theory.
Key word: Predatory pricing, Asymmetrical information, Rational strategy
JEL Classification:D430 L110 L120
企业的本质:一个前沿综述
聂辉华
(中国人民大学经济学院)
提要:对企业本质的认识是企业理论的逻辑起点,也是导致它们分歧的理论基础。本文综述了自斯密以来所有涉及企业本质的主要理论,包括主流和非主流的观点。我们批判性地回顾了古典和新古典的企业本质理论,完全契约下的企业本质理论,不完全契约下的企业本质理论,以及与管理学和组织理论相结合的企业本质理论。最后,我们总结了现有企业本质理论存在的问题和解决办法,并推测了企业理论的发展方向。
关键词:企业理论 企业的本质 契约 不完全契约
The Nature of the Firm: A Frontier Summary
Nie Huihua
(School of Economics, Renmin University of China)
Abstract: The viewpoints of the nature of the firm are logic start of the theory of the firm, are also the fundaments of divarication in theories. This paper summarizes all the important theories dealing with the nature of the firm, mainstream and non-mainstream. We critically retrospect various theories of firm nature, classical and neoclassical, complete, incomplete, and theories those combine with management and organizational theory. Finally, we conclude problems and solutions of existing theories, and speculate the directions of the theory of the firm.
Key Words: The Theory of the Firm; The Nature of the firm; Contract; Incomplete Contract
JEL Classification: D230,L1400,L200,M2100
日本产业结构的变化和再生
[日]新庄浩二
产业组织评价应该以“市场效果”为焦点来进行。因此,对资源分配的有效性或技术的有效性所进行的探讨就成了这一评价的中心课题。但是,鉴于现在日本企业或产业所处的经济环境变化十分激烈的现状,以严密的经济模型为基础的产业分析未必合适。因此,下面,我们将从更广阔的视点来考察一下最近日本经济的各个侧面,并通过这些考察来看一看日本产业结构的变化。
自然垄断领域改革发展与国有经济角色定位研究
——以城市自来水行业为例的考察
谢地 吴英慧
摘 要 鉴于自然垄断行业经济特征及其在国计民生中不可或缺的地位,决定了在国有经济战略性调整过程中,自然垄断行业不应该也不可能是国有经济逐步退出的领域,而应该是增强国有经济控制力的所在。因此,我国自然垄断产业的改革与发展问题研究不能脱离其中的国有经济的调整、改革,而孤立展开。本文拟以城市自来水行业为例,对我国自然垄断行业改革发展与国有经济的相应角色定位问题进行结合研究,并提出有利于自然垄断领域国有经济改革与发展的政策建议。
关键词 自然垄断;自来水行业;国有经济
The Study on Reformation and Development of Nature Monopoly Industry
and State-owned Economics Orientation
——Based on the Water Supplying Industry Research
Xie Di and Wu Yinghui
Abstract Considering the economic characteristics of the industry and its important role in the national economy and the people's livelihood, nature monopoly industry shouldn't be the field where state-owned economy retreat from during the strategic adjustment period of national economics but the strengthened control power of the state-owned economy. The study on Chinese natural monopoly industry reformation and development could not be separated from the adjustment and reformation of the state-owned economy. This article will discuss the issues of the relevant role positioning of national nature monopoly industry reformation and development and state-owned economy by researching the city water supply industry, and provide the policies and suggestions which will benefit the reformation and development of the state-owned economy in the nature monopoly field.
Key Words nature monopoly, water supplying industry, state-owned economy
JEL Classification:L510 L430 P310
我国进口额与外国直接投资关系的实证分析
张东辉 张元
摘 要本文简单回顾了有关对外贸易和外国直接投资关系的理论发展,验证了我国的进口总额和外国直接投资总量的两个时间序列的协整关系,并基于我国东西部各省份的面板数据,分析了西部地区与东部地区进口增加在引致外国直接投资作用上的差异。
关键词 进口,外国直接投资,协整关系,面板数据
Positive Analysis of The Relationship Between Import Value and Foreign Direct Investment of China
Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the early theories about the relationship between the international trade and foreign direct investment and validates the co-integration relationship of two time series, the total value of China’s import and the total value of foreign direct investment. This paper also analyze the difference of the import’s function in inducing the foreign direct investment between the western region and eastern region of China, based on the panel data of the western and eastern provinces.
Key Words: Import, Foreign direct investment , Co-integration , Panel data
JEL Classification: F410 F210
论我国信息化建设的实现机制和政策选择
王述英 蓝庆新 孙艳
内容提要:信息化带动工业化,加快信息化建设,是现代产业经济的核心问题。它制约着我国产业结构的优化和升级。信息化带动工业化需要一定的传导机制和政策措施,只有通过一定的机制和政策才能把信息化和工业化有机联系起来,在这一链接中关键是信息化。要加快信息化建设,走新型工业化道路,就必须健全信息化带动工业化的实现机制,即强化信息化激励机制,完善信息化的运作机制,扩大信息化的传导机制。要加快信息化建设需要政府的政策导向,最主要的政策导向是:实施信息产业优先发展政策,大力发展信息产业;完善网络政策,促进电子商务的发展;实施人才优惠政策,培养和吸引信息化人才。
关键词:产业经济 信息化 工业化 实现机制 政策选择
The Realizing Mechanism and Policy Choice on Construction of Informalization in China
Wang Shuying Lan Qingxin Sun yan
College of Economics , NanKai University, Tianjin 300071 ,China
Abstract: Industrialization spurred by informalization and speeding construction of informalization are the core of modern industry economy. It decides the optimizing and improvement of industry structure. Industrialization spurred by informalization need certain transmitting mechanism and policy measures. Only by certain mechanism and policy, informalization and industrialization can be dynamically related. Informalization is the core during the course. So the realizing mechanism of industrialization spurred by informalization must be improved to strengthen informalization construction and advance on new fashioned-industrialization road. It is to say that we should strengthen the encouraging mechanism of informalization, improve the operating mechanism of informalization and enlarge the transmitting mechanism of informalization. The main policy is that information industry is developed early in time, network policy is improved, electronic commerce is advanced, informalization talent is cultivated and absorbed.
Key word: Industry economy; Informalization; Industrialization; Realizing Mechanism;
Policy choice
JEL Classification: L690 O140
日本式产业组织的特征及其发展趋势
白雪洁
摘要:以企业系列和6大企业集团为代表的日本式产业组织,因其具有的对内竞争,对外封闭的典型特征,一度被奉为是日本产业竞争力的主要来源。但20世纪90年代日本经济陷入长期萧条以后,产业竞争力的衰落又导致对日本式产业组织的一片质疑之声。事实上,日本式产业组织的特征是多方面的,自我演变以适应环境变化的能力也很强。当前,日本结构性改革尚未取得突破性进展、主要产业的生产外移速度加快、外国对日直接投资增长趋势明显以及信息技术革命的影响日益深刻,这些都成为推动日本式产业组织发生变化的外部力量。企业系列和六大企业集团的变化趋势已经日渐明朗,虽然具有缓慢性特征,但开放成为一种必然的取向。
关键词:日本式产业组织,企业系列,六大企业集团
Characteristics and Development Trend
of Japanese Industry Organization
Bai Xuejie
Abstract The industry organization of Japanese type, represented by enterprise series and 6 major enterprise groups, is regarded as main source of Japanese industry competitiveness, because of its typical characteristics of being competitive inside and sealed to the outside. But after Japanese economy fell into desolateness for a long time since 1990s the decline of competitiveness leads to a kind of doubted sound about the industry organization of Japanese type. In fact, Japanese industry organization has many aspects of characteristics, and it can change itself to adapt to the environment. At present, there are some kinds of outside strength, which drives Japanese industry organization to change, such as Japanese structural reform has not made a breakthrough yet, the speed of main industry production moving abroad has accelerated, the increase trend of direct investment form foreign country to Japan is obvious, and the influence of information technical revolution has been deep day by day. The changing trend of the enterprise series and 6 major enterprise groups has been clear, and being open is a kind of inevitable orientation though the course is slow.
Key Words Industry organization of Japanese type, enterprise series, six major enterprise groups
JEL Classification:L160 L100 L220
论自然垄断性行业产业组织制度的改革
——以湖南大小电网资源优化整合为例
刘茂松
摘要 本文运用现代产业组织理论,以湖南电力产业为案例,对目前国家大电网与地方小电网并立运行的矛盾和症结进行分析,独创性地提出新形势下整合大小电网资源的产业组织模式,即有效竞争与有效垄断相结合的效率型可竞争电力产业组织模式,从一个方面提示了我国垄断性产业组织改革的趋势。
关键词:自然垄断 产业组织 效率型可竞争
A Reform of System of Industrial Organization in Naturally Monopolized Industry
--A Research on the Superior Integration of Big and Small Electricity Net Resources in Hunan
Liu MaoSong
Abstract: The article applies theory of modern industrial organization,takes electrical industry in Hunan as an instance,analyzes the contradiction between nationally big electricity net and regionally small electricity net as well as it's reasons ,and comes up with an industrial organization model of intigrating big and small electricity net resources under new conditions ---the efficiently contestable model of electrically industrial organization which combines efficient competition with efficient monopoly, in this way,discloses the trend of reform of monopolized industrial organization in our country.
Key Words: natural monopoly ,industrial organization, efficient contestability
JEL Classification:L510 L430 K230
制度创新:中小企业信用担保体系的可持续发展研究
陈柳钦 孙建平
摘要 我国中小企业信用担保体系已经初步具备行业规模,它对我国中小企业的发展壮大也起到了积极作用。但是现有中小企业信用担保体系在结构、经营和功能上存在三重制度性缺陷,我们在分析上述缺陷的成因的基础上,提出保持该体系可持续发展的根本途径在于中小企业信用担保体系及其上下游环节两个层面上的制度创新。
关键词 中小企业,中小企业信用担保体系,制度创新
Institutional Innovation:The Study on Sustainable Development of China’s Credit Guarantee Systems for SMEs
Chen Liuqin Sun Jianping ,
(1 Tianjin Economic & Development Research Institute , Tianjin 300202 ;2 Department of Finance of College of Economics, Nankai University,Tianjin,300071)
Abstract Our credit guarantee systems for SMEs have formed basic scale and have produced beneficial effects on the SMEs’ development,but there are three defects in structure, operation and function of existing guarantee systems for SMEs。We analyze the reasons why the above defaults exist ,and point out that the radical way to keep sustainable development of the whole systems is such institutional innovations including SMEs credit guarantee system and its upper and down flows.
Key words Small-sized and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) Guarantee Systems for SMEs Institutional Innovation
JEL Classification:M210 K290