企业科层组织演进的历史与逻辑
金成晓
摘 要 文章认为,技术与制度环境通过影响企业外部竞争的压力和企业内部的利益关系而推动企业科层组织发生演进。在此过程中,技术与制度因素是同时存在并且相互作用的。区别只是在于,在某些历史时期,技术变迁因素的作用更加明显;而在另一些历史时期,制度环境变迁因素起着更为主导的作用。
关键词 企业科层组织,技术,制度环境,演进
The History and Logic for Evolution of Enterprise Hierarchy Organization
Jin Cheng xiao
Abstract: This thesis regards, through influencing outside competition pressure on enterprise and inside benefit relationship, technique and institution environment push the evolution of enterprise hierarchy organization. Through this process, technique and institution factors are coexistence and interaction each other. The difference just exists on, in some history period, the technique factor’s influence is more outstanding and the institution environment factor acts more dominant role in other period.
Key words: Enterprise hierarchy organization, Technique, Institution environment, Evolution
JEL Classification L220
论中国自然垄断行业的改革方向
——解决自然垄断方式的一般模型及对中国的适用研究
陈甬军 晏宗新
内容提要本文通过讨论在自然垄断领域建立管制机构与实行公有企业经营的不同模型,比较其成本与收益,对当前中国自然垄断领域改革的方向提出自己的看法。本文的结论是:以中国经济的转轨特征为出发点,从自然垄断领域的解决方式看,在一个较长的时期内,实行国有企业经营仍是较优的选择,但从长期看,其改革方向不排除实行管制和特许权投标。从自然垄断领域变动的属性来看,对自然垄断领域的国有企业进行分拆和引入竞争是当前提高经济效率的关键。
关键词:自然垄断 管制 公有企业 竞争
Reform Aims of Natural Monoply in China
Chen Yongjun Yan Zongxin
Abstract:There are basically two distinct solutions in response to the natural monopoly problem: the regulatory agency and the public enterprise.This paper first discuss the models of regulatory agency and public enterprise,and consider the benefits and costs of compare public enterprise with regulation,then applies this analysis to understanding the decision to Chinese state-owned enterprise(SOEs) reform in natural monopoly. Our interest lies in understanding how and to what degree regulation impacts state-owned enterprise and how to restructure regulation.
Key words Natural monopoly;regulation;public enterprise;competition
JEL Classification L500 L430
大公司效应与监管博弈中的合理均衡
马 理
摘 要:公司规模与违规偏好体现出正相关,这使相应的监管陷入了两难的困境。本文试图通过寻找市场博弈中的合理均衡,解开金融监管中的悖论,从而对国企违规给出合理解释,并提出相应的治理方法。
关键词:大公司,违规偏好,监管,困境,均衡
The Infrigement of the Big Corporations and the
Rational Equilibrium in the Game
Ma li
Abstract The infrigement preference increases with the scale of the corporations, at the same time, the supervision is dropped into the dilemma of penalty or not. This paper tries to find the rational equilibrium in the market game to solve the paradox in finance supervision, and explain the infringement in the market to take some ways to solve it.
Keywords big corporation, infringement-preference, supervision, dilemma, equilibrium.
信息不对称、关系型融资与新型的银企关系
徐 涛
摘要:上个世纪80年代以来主要形成于西方国家小企业和中小银行间的关系型融资作为信贷市场的一种制度安排,在不同的经济环境下呈现出不同的特点。关系型融资在某种程度上克服了信贷市场上由于信息不对称所带来的一系列问题,促进了信贷市场资源的配置。但是,关系型融资也促成了一种新型的银企关系,使银行乃至整个金融业面临潜在的风险。文章最后还现实地分析了我国“关系”融资的形式及其影响。
关键词:关系型融资 制度安排 信贷市场 信息不对称 金融脆弱性
Informational Asymmetry , Relationship Finance and New Relationship Between Banks and Firms
Xu tao
Abstract: Relationship finance is an institutional arrangement of credit—market, and it has different creatures in various economic environments. Relationship finance overcomes some difficulties because of informational asymmetry in somewhat and promotes resource—allocation of credit market. However, because of this, a new relationship between banks and firms come into being , and banking and financial systems may face underlying risks.
Key Words: relationship finance , institutional arrangement, Informational Asymmetry, credit market, financial frangibility
JEL Classification: E440, G210
不对称信息条件下双重管制的公用产品价格博弈分析
周 勤
摘要: 本文以南京市公交月票的价格调整引起的争论为起点,根据新管制经济学的基本模型,分析在信息不对称的条件下政府、管制机构和被管制企业在公用产品价格博弈中的行为选择。指出公用产品供给的主导厂商的占优战略是要求调整价格而不是控制成本,其他厂商的占优战略是跟随,管制机构与被管制企业有合谋的可能性。提出政府要抑制或消除这一合谋的基本条件,最终的解决路径就是将公交线路的经营权由原来的许可制转为拍卖制,将事后的补贴企业改为事前的补贴线路。
关键词: 不对称信息,双重管制,公用产品,价格博弈
Analysis of Pricing Game for Public Goods Dualy Regulated Under Asymmetric Information
Zhou Qin
Abstract This paper starts on evocable disputes of price adjustment of commutation ticket of Nanjing public transportation. Then using the basic model of new economics of regulation, it analyzes the behavior selection of the government, regulatory agencies and the firms under regulation respectively in pricing game for public goods, and indicates that the dominant strategy of the dominant firms in the supplying public goods is to adjust the price instead of controlling cost, while other firms’ dominant strategy is to follow. There is the possibility of collusion between the regulatory agencies and the firms under regulation. This paper also puts forward basic conditions on how to restrict or eliminate this collusion are offered. As a result, which is to change the operation of the public transportation line from licensing to auctioning, and to subsidize the line beforehand rather than the firms afterward.
Key Words Asymmetric Information, Dual Regulation, Public Goods, Pricing Game
JEL Classification L970 L980
电力市场交易模式:理论分析与中国的选择
阙光辉
摘要:本文首先基于经济学原理,对DA和RT市场的三种交易模式和两部制电价进行了理论分析。在考虑电力行业独特技术经济特征的基础上,为了保证短期调度的经济效率性,并为长期发电、输电投资提供正确的经济激励。我们认为中国应该考虑放弃发展两部制电价机制,转向发展单一市场出清价格式的完全成本库DA和RT市场交易模式。同时,考虑到中国电力改革正处于转型期,我们认为,在双边契约,电力交易所和电力库三种完全成本库交易模式中,短期内的最优选择是强制性电力交易所,而在长期内,我国应该大力促进双边交易的发展。
关键词:电力市场交易模式 双边契约电力交易所 电力库两部制电价
Electricity Wholesale Market Trading Mechanism: Economic Principles and the Choice of China
Que GuangHui
Abstract:In this paper, we first give the economic principles embedded in the three trading mechanisms and the two-part pricing method in electricity DA&RT wholesale market. We argue that, based on the unique technical economic characters of the electricity industry, in order to assure short-run dispatch efficiency and give correct incentives for generation and transmission investments, the best choice of China is giving up the two-part pricing system and developing the full-cost DA&RT trading mechanisms using single market-clearing price. At the same time, We also argue that, considering the transiting state of electricity industry reform in China, in the three DA&RT market trading mechanisms: Bilateral Contract; Power Exchange and Pool, the best choice of China, in the short run, is the compelling Power Exchange; and, in the long run, should be the one that based mostly on Bilateral Contract.
Key words:Electricity Market Trading Mechanism; Bilateral Contract; Power Exchange;Pool;Two-Part Pricing method
JEL Classification L510 L520 L940
金融自由化、金融发展与经济增长的关系
——理论与实证研究评介
秦凤鸣
[内容提要]麦金农和爱德华肖在1973年的金融深化理论中揭示了金融自由化和经济增长的关系。在随后的30年中,西方许多经济学家对金融自由化的利益倍加关注,并就金融自由化、金融发展和经济增长的关系进行了激烈的论战。笔者依据个人对这些观点的理解和把握成就了本文。
[关键词]金融抑制 金融深化 金融自由化 实证分析 分配效率
The relationship among financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth
---An introduction and comments on theories and empirical studies
Qin Fengming
Abstract: Mckinnon and Show argued financial development for growth in 1973, since then, they have been followed by a school of economic thinkers who paid much attention to the benefits of financial liberalization, and debated on the theme shapely. All of these arguments gives us a lot of implications: financial liberalization is a tool but not the target itself; liberalization is conception of relativity, both over-opened and over-repression will be harmful to economy; the result of financial liberalization could be dual, some kind of effects may offset each other; liberalization has some relations with financial crisis but not an unique result of liberalization activities. It is bias to take the setback of financial globalization as weapon denying the efficiency and other benefits from the same process.
Key words: financial repression, financial development, financial liberalization, empirical analysis, distribute efficiency
JEL Classification E440 G180
中国航空货运业的竞争格局与发展趋势
陈宏民 余润
摘要 航空货运业是我国近年来发展迅猛的产业。本文总结了该产业的发展特征,系统分析了在外资大规模进入背景下的市场结构及其变化,比较了国内外航空公司的竞争力,并对我国未来航空货运市场的需求做了预测。研究认为,在国内航空货运的主要市场上,国内航空运输企业与外国公司的竞争已经形成;随着该市场的进一步开放,外资会继续大幅度进入,市场竞争会不断加剧;我国三大航空集团的重组会有利于该市场规模经济的实现和国内航空企业竞争力的提高。对未来市场的预测显示,今后几年中国的航空货运需求的年增长速度大约在12-14%之间,其中国际航线的增长速度略高于平均速度。
关键词 航空货运,市场结构,预测
Competition Structure and Development Trend of China’s Air Cargo Transport Industry
CHEN Hongmin YU Run
Abstract: In this paper, we study the characters in development, market structure and change of China’s air cargo transport industry with foreign air transportation agents entry in large scale. The comparison between domestic airlines and foreign ones in competence is analyzed based on our case study and forecasting of the market demand is made in recent data. The study shows that monopolistic structure is being formed among three major domestic airlines and some huge foreign air transportation agents and more market entry will continue to happen. It is finally estimated that the market will increase in an average annual rate of 12-14% and the rate in international flights will be little bit higher than that in domestic flights.
Key words: air cargo transport, market structure, forecasting
JEL Classification L130 L930
中国石油产业竞争力的国际比较
杨 嵘
摘要:加入 WTO标志着中国石油产业市场国际化进入了一个新的阶段,国际石油市场的发展趋势将对中国石油产业产生深刻的影响。面对国际石油竞争愈演愈烈,较强的产业国际竞争力是取得国际石油竞争胜利的必要保证。但是不论是从竞争实力、竞争潜力,还是从竞争环境来看,中国石油产业与国外相比均具有较大差距。因此,实施大石油公司战略,加强科技创新以及构建多层次的战略联盟是我们在市场国际化条件下提高石油产业竞争力的重要保证。
关键词:中国; 石油产业; 竞争力; 国际比较
Competitive Comparison of Petroleum Industry between China and World
Yang Rong
Abstract: Join in WTO marks that internationalization of China’s petroleum market has gone into a new stage. The developing trend of international petroleum market will deeply affect China’s petroleum industry. Facing with more and more severe international competition, powerful competitive strength is an essential guarantee to win international competition. However, compared with strength and potential of foreign competitors, China’s petroleum industry has a long way to go. Under the circumstances of competition of market internationalization, it is an important guarantee for China’s petroleum industrial organization to carry out big-company strategy, enhance innovation in science and technology, and form multi-layers strategic alliance.
keywords: China; petroleum industry; competition; international comparison
中国烟草加工业的市场力量与配置效率损失估测
郝冬梅 王秀清
摘 要 中国烟草行业的专卖制度在限制产量的基础上确保了中央和地方财政收入的稳步增长,其代价是消费者利益受损和配置效率的降低。本文根据1985-1999年的行业整体数据,运用NEIO模型和AEL模型,定量估测了中国烟草加工业的市场力量和资源配置效率损失。结果显示中国烟草加工业富于市场力量,由此而造成的配置效率损失高达20%以上并出现不断加剧的趋势。
关键词 市场力量,配置效率损失,烟草加工业
Market Power and Allocative Efficiency Loss in Chinese Tobacco Industry
Hao Dongmei and Wang Xiuqing
Abstract This article analyzes the market power and allocative efficiency loss in Chinese tobacco industry. Based on the 1985-1999 aggregate level time series data, the NEIO model and AEL model had been estimated. Empirical results show that the Lerner Index of the Chinese tobacco industry is about 0.98. Due to the strong market power, the allocative efficiency loss reached more than 20% of the social welfare.
Keywords Market Power, Allocative Efficiency Loss, Chinese Tobacco Industry
JEL Classification L100 L660
中国产业在东亚国际分工中的地位及结构调整
何添锦
摘要:步入21世纪,尤其是中国正式加入WTO后,其产业发展已进入按国际分工结构来选择和实施战略性调整的关键时期。本文通过分析中国与东亚各国和地区贸易中工业制品的比较优势及竞争优势的状况,指出中国与东亚的产业国际分工的特征和竞争与互补关系以及如何重构中国竞争优势的问题。
关键词:比较优势,竞争优势,优化产业结构,错位竞争
The Position and Structure Adjustment of China Industry in the International Specialization of East Asian
He Tianjin
Abstracts: In the 21st Century, especially since China has won the membership of WTO, the development of Chinese industry has entered the key period of selecting in accordance with the international division structure and making strategic adjustment The article is to point out the type, characteristics and status of Chinese industry in the east, Asian international division by analyzing the comparative advantage and competitive advantage of the Chinese industrial products in the trade with the east Asian countries. How to reestablish china,s competitive advantnges is considered as well
Key words: comparative advantage; competitive advantage; industrial structure optimization; differentiated competition
JEL Classification F140